Using integrated Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) datasets (Envisat: 2003–2009; Sentinel-1: 2014–2018), local gravity surveys, and passive seismic data, we investigated the environmental hazards associated with the rise of the Miocene Jazan salt diapir (JZD; ~ 2 km 2 ) within Jazan city, Saudi Arabia, and identified areas at risk in its immediate surroundings. Our findings include (1) the JZD outcrop and its northern, southern and western bordering areas have been undergoing substantial uplift (up to 4.7 mm/yr), whereas the sabkhas to the east are witnessing subsidence (up to − 7.5 mm/yr); (2) a low Bouguer anomaly (7.5 mGal) was observed over the JZD relative to its surroundings (8.5–12 mGal) with the steepest gradient along its eastern side; (3) strong and clear horizontal/vertical (H/V) spectral ratio peak and high frequency (5–10 Hz) over the JZD outcrop and areas proximal to its western margin, but areas to the east have a weak H/V peak and low frequency (1.5-3 Hz); (4) drilling confirmed presence of a shallow (4 m) salt bedrock layer west of the JZD and the absence of this layer to its east (up to depths of 60 m); (5) uplift patterns along the diapir margins are indicative of near-vertical contact along the JZD eastern margin and less steep contacts along the remaining margins; and (6) additional near-surface diapirs could potentially be identified in the vicinity of the JZD using our integrated approach.

中文翻译：

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使用地球物理和雷达干涉测量技术监测与沙特阿拉伯吉赞市吉赞盐底辟相关的土地变形

使用综合干涉合成孔径雷达 (InSAR) 数据集（Envisat：2003-2009；Sentinel-1：2014-2018）、当地重力调查和被动地震数据，我们调查了与中新世 Jazan 盐底辟上升相关的环境危害(JZD; ~ 2 km 2 ) 位于沙特阿拉伯吉赞市内，并确定了其附近的危险区域。我们的研究结果包括 (1) JZD 露头及其北部、南部和西部边界地区一直在经历大幅抬升（高达 4.7 毫米/年），而东部的萨布哈山脉正在下沉（高达 - 7.5 毫米/年） ; (2) 在 JZD 上观察到一个低布格异常 (7.5 mG​​al) 相对于其周围环境 (8.5-12 mGal)，沿其东侧的梯度最陡；(3) JZD 露头及其西缘附近区域的强而清晰的水平/垂直 (H/V) 谱比峰和高频 (5-10 Hz)，但东部区域的 H/V 峰较弱和低频（1.5-3 Hz）；(4) 钻探证实在 JZD 以西存在浅 (4 m) 盐基岩层，而在其东 (最深 60 m) 不存在该层；(5) 沿底辟边缘的隆起模式表明沿 JZD 东部边缘接近垂直接触，沿其余边缘接触较不陡峭；(6) 使用我们的综合方法可能会在 JZD 附近识别出额外的近地表底辟。(4) 钻探证实在 JZD 以西存在浅 (4 m) 盐基岩层，而在其东 (最深 60 m) 不存在该层；(5) 沿底辟边缘的隆起模式表明沿 JZD 东部边缘接近垂直接触，沿其余边缘接触较不陡峭；(6) 使用我们的综合方法可能会在 JZD 附近识别出额外的近地表底辟。(4) 钻探证实在 JZD 以西存在浅 (4 m) 盐基岩层，而在其东 (最深 60 m) 不存在该层；(5) 沿底辟边缘的隆起模式表明沿 JZD 东部边缘接近垂直接触，沿其余边缘接触较不陡峭；(6) 使用我们的综合方法可能会在 JZD 附近识别出额外的近地表底辟。