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VLA Measurements of Faraday Rotation Through a Coronal Mass Ejection Using Multiple Lines of Sight
Solar Physics ( IF 2.8 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-01 , DOI: 10.1007/s11207-020-01755-4
Jason E. Kooi , Madison L. Ascione , Lianis V. Reyes-Rosa , Sophia K. Rier , Mohammad Ashas

Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are large eruptions of magnetized plasma from the Sun that play an important role in space weather. The key to understanding the fundamental physics of a CME is measurement of the plasma properties within heliocentric distances of < 20 R ⊙ $< 20~\mathrm{R}_{\odot }$ . Faraday rotation, a radioastronomical propagation measurement, is an extremely valuable diagnostic for studying CMEs. Faraday rotation measurements [RM] contain information on the magnetic field in the medium causing the Faraday rotation. Recent observations of CME-induced Faraday rotation (e.g., Howard et al. in Astrophys. J. 831 , 208, 2016 ; Kooi et al. in Solar Phys. 292 , 56, 2017 ; Bisi et al. in EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts, 13243, 2017 ) have all been restricted to a single line of sight (LOS) and, therefore, limited to providing estimates of the magnetic field strength. Modeling by Liu et al. (Astrophys. J. 665 , 1439, 2007 ) and Jensen and Russell (Geophys. Res. Lett. 35 , L02103, 2008 ) demonstrated that multiple LOS are necessary to recover the magnetic field strength and structure of the observed CME. We report the first successful observations of Faraday rotation through a CME using multiple lines of sight: 13 LOS across seven target radio fields. We made these radio observations using the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA) at 1 − 2 $1-2$ GHz frequencies in the triggered operation mode on 31 July 2015, using a constellation of cosmic radio sources through the solar corona at heliocentric distances of 8.2 − 19.5 R ⊙ $8.2-19.5~\mathrm{R}_{\odot }$ . For LOS within 10 R ⊙ $10~\mathrm{R}_{\odot }$ , the CME’s contribution to the measured RM was ≈ 0 $\approx 0$ to −20 rad m −2 , a significant enhancement over the coronal contribution. We assumed a force-free flux-rope structure for the CME’s magnetic field and explored three separate models for the CME’s plasma density: constant density, thin shell, and thick shell. The plasma densities and axial magnetic field strengths for the three models ranged over 5.4 − 6.4 × 10 3 $5.4-6.4\times 10^{3}$ cm −3 and 26 − 35 $26-35$ mG, respectively. Further, using all 13 LOS, we successfully determined the CME’s orientation and helicity.

中文翻译:

使用多条视线通过日冕物质抛射对法拉第旋转进行 VLA 测量

日冕物质抛射 (CME) 是来自太阳的磁化等离子体的大爆发,在太空天气中起着重要作用。理解 CME 基本物理学的关键是在 < 20 R ⊙ $< 20~\mathrm{R}_{\odot }$ 的日心距离内测量等离子体特性。法拉第自转是一种射电天文传播测量,对于研究 CME 是非常有价值的诊断方法。法拉第旋转测量 [RM] 包含有关导致法拉第旋转的介质中磁场的信息。最近对 CME 引起的法拉第旋转的观察(例如,Howard 等人在 Astrophys. J. 831, 208, 2016 中;Kooi 等人在 Solar Phys. 292, 56, 2017 中;Bisi 等人在 EGU 大会会议摘要中, 13243, 2017 ) 都被限制在单一视线 (LOS) 内,因此,仅限于提供磁场强度的估计。Liu 等人的建模。(Astrophys. J. 665, 1439, 2007) 以及 Jensen 和 Russell (Geophys. Res. Lett. 35, L02103, 2008) 证明了多个 LOS 是恢复观测到的 CME 的磁场强度和结构所必需的。我们报告了使用多条视线通过 CME 对法拉第旋转的首次成功观测:跨越七个目标无线电场的 13 LOS。我们于 2015 年 7 月 31 日在触发操作模式下使用 Karl G. Jansky 甚大阵列 (VLA) 在 1 - 2 $1-2$ GHz 频率下进行了这些无线电观测,使用通过日心日冕处的日冕的宇宙射电星座8.2 − 19.5 R ⊙ $8.2-19.5~\mathrm{R}_{\odot }$ 的距离。对于 10 R ⊙ $10~\mathrm{R}_{\odot }$ 内的 LOS,CME 对测得的 RM 的贡献为 ≈ 0 $\approx 0$ 到 -20 rad m -2 ,这是对日冕贡献的显着增强。我们为 CME 的磁场假设了一种无力的磁通绳结构,并探索了 CME 等离子体密度的三个独立模型:恒定密度、薄壳和厚壳。三种模型的等离子体密度和轴向磁场强度范围分别超过 5.4 − 6.4 × 10 3 $5.4-6.4\times 10^{3}$ cm -3 和 26 − 35 $26-35$ mG。此外,使用所有 13 个 LOS,我们成功地确定了 CME 的方向和螺旋度。三种模型的等离子体密度和轴向磁场强度范围分别超过 5.4 − 6.4 × 10 3 $5.4-6.4\times 10^{3}$ cm -3 和 26 − 35 $26-35$ mG。此外,使用所有 13 个 LOS,我们成功地确定了 CME 的方向和螺旋度。三种模型的等离子体密度和轴向磁场强度范围分别超过 5.4 − 6.4 × 10 3 $5.4-6.4\times 10^{3}$ cm -3 和 26 − 35 $26-35$ mG。此外,使用所有 13 个 LOS,我们成功地确定了 CME 的方向和螺旋度。
更新日期:2021-01-01
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