Kongsfjorden is a typical glacier fjord in the European Arctic. In order to know the distribution and diversity of planktonic prokaryotes in the fjord subjected to strong physical gradient related with local glacier dynamics, prokaryote communities along a transect extending from the outer to the inner fjord was investigated in the summer of 2015 using 454 pyrosequencing of archaeal and bacterial 16S rRNA genes. Higher diversity and species richness were detected in Bacteria than in Archaea in each sample. Archaeal 16S rRNA gene sequences were not detected in the outer area of the fjord. Nitrososphaeria within the phylum Crenarchaeota and Poseidoniia within the Thermoplasmatota were two dominant archaeal groups in the fjord. At the genus level, Nitrosopumilus , Nitrosopelagicus , MGIIa-L1, and MGIIb–O2 dominated seawater archaeal communities. Higher abundances of Poseidoniale -related archaea were observed in the deep water than in the surface water. The Proteobacteria , Bacteroidota , and Actinobacteriota dominated the planktonic bacterial communities, with Verrucomicrobiota (represented by Verrucomicrobiae ) dominating the middle area of the fjord. At the class level, Bacteroidia , Alphaproteobacteria , Gammaproteobacteria , and Actinobacteria dominated the bacterial communities within Kongsfjorden. Sequences affiliated with genera Polaribacter and Yoonia were frequently detected in the fjord. Results suggest that planktonic archaeal and bacterial community compositions in Kongsfjorden can be driven by different major environmental factors.

中文翻译：

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2015 年夏季北极 Kongsfjorden 海水中浮游原核生物的高度多样性

孔斯峡湾是欧洲北极地区典型的冰川峡湾。为了了解受与当地冰川动力学相关的强物理梯度影响的峡湾中浮游原核生物的分布和多样性，2015 年夏季，利用古细菌的 454 焦磷酸测序，研究了沿峡湾外向内延伸的横断面上的原核生物群落。和细菌 16S rRNA 基因。在每个样本中，细菌的多样性和物种丰富度高于古细菌。在峡湾外围未检测到古菌 16S rRNA 基因序列。Crenarchaeota 门内的 Nitrososphaeria 和 Thermoplasmatota 内的 Poseidoniia 是峡湾中的两个主要古菌群。在属水平上，Nitrosopumilus、Nitrosopelagicus、MGIIa-L1和MGIIb-O2在海水古菌群落中占主导地位。在深水中观察到的波塞冬相关古菌丰度高于地表水中。Proteobacteria、Bacteroidota 和 Actinobacteriota 主导了浮游细菌群落，Verrucomicrobiota（以 Verrucomicrobiae 为代表）主导了峡湾的中部区域。在类级别上，拟杆菌属、Alphaproteobacteria、Gammaproteobacteria 和 Actinobacteria 主导了 Kongsfjorden 内的细菌群落。在峡湾中经常检测到属于Polaribacter 属和Yoonia 属的序列。结果表明，Kongsfjorden 的浮游古菌和细菌群落组成可以由不同的主要环境因素驱动。和放线菌群主导了浮游细菌群落，疣微菌群（以疣微菌群为代表）在峡湾中部占主导地位。在类级别上，拟杆菌属、Alphaproteobacteria、Gammaproteobacteria 和 Actinobacteria 主导了 Kongsfjorden 内的细菌群落。在峡湾中经常检测到属于Polaribacter 属和Yoonia 属的序列。结果表明，Kongsfjorden 的浮游古菌和细菌群落组成可以由不同的主要环境因素驱动。和放线菌群主导了浮游细菌群落，疣微菌群（以疣微菌群为代表）在峡湾中部占主导地位。在类级别上，拟杆菌属、Alphaproteobacteria、Gammaproteobacteria 和 Actinobacteria 主导了 Kongsfjorden 内的细菌群落。在峡湾中经常检测到属于Polaribacter 属和Yoonia 属的序列。结果表明，Kongsfjorden 的浮游古菌和细菌群落组成可以由不同的主要环境因素驱动。和放线菌主导了 Kongsfjorden 内的细菌群落。在峡湾中经常检测到属于Polaribacter 属和Yoonia 属的序列。结果表明，Kongsfjorden 的浮游古菌和细菌群落组成可以由不同的主要环境因素驱动。和放线菌主导了 Kongsfjorden 内的细菌群落。在峡湾中经常检测到属于Polaribacter 属和Yoonia 属的序列。结果表明，Kongsfjorden 的浮游古菌和细菌群落组成可以由不同的主要环境因素驱动。