The kinematics of the process of deformation of the motorcar body side in the culminating phase of a front-to-side vehicle collision has been examined as a possible basis for analyzing and modeling the process of emergence of a hazard to car occupants during a road accident. The course of such accidents has a complex nature and their models are necessarily based on the approximation of non-linear elastoplastic characteristics of impact processes, especially during the transition from the compression phase to the restitution phase of the deformation process. For such characteristics to be obtained, a lot of experimental tests have to be carried out. This paper addresses the short-duration processes with a high degree of complexity. A front-to-side motorcar collision model has been prepared, which made it possible to analyze the process of deformation of the car body side and the emergence of a hazard and injuries to car occupants. The results of calculation of the deformation rate and range in various car body zones, velocity of the test dummy placed on driver’s seat and velocity of possible dummy’s impact against the car body side being deformed may be taken as a basis for designing effective occupant protection systems. The kinematics of the phase of vehicle contact and deformation process was modeled with taking into account results of experimental tests, including the curves characterizing the largely non-linear processes that are decisive for the deformation of the car body side. The deformation processes analyzed on these grounds showed at the same time the range of penetration of the deformed body part into the car interior, which causes a hazard to vehicle occupants. The calculation results have shown e.g. that the car body side is deformed to a depth of 0.2 m as quickly as within 0.02–0.03 s. At such a car body side deformation range, the car body part being deformed hits occupant’s body in his/her hips and pelvis area with a velocity of about 6 m/s.

中文翻译：

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车辆正面碰撞时车身侧面变形过程运动学及对乘员危害的出现

在车辆正面碰撞的最终阶段，汽车车身侧面变形过程的运动学已被检验，作为分析和建模道路事故中汽车乘员危险出现过程的可能基础. 此类事故的过程具有复杂的性质，它们的模型必然基于冲击过程的非线性弹塑性特性的近似，特别是在变形过程从压缩阶段到恢复阶段的过渡期间。为了获得这样的特性，必须进行大量的实验测试。本文讨论了高度复杂的短期流程。已经准备了一个正面到侧面的汽车碰撞模型，从而可以分析车身侧面的变形过程以及对乘员的危害和伤害的出现。车身各区域的变形率和变形幅度、试验假人放置在驾驶座上的速度以及可能假人对变形的车身侧面的冲击速度的计算结果可作为设计有效乘员保护系统的依据。 . 考虑到实验测试的结果，对车辆接触和变形过程阶段的运动学进行建模，包括表征对车身侧变形起决定性作用的主要非线性过程的曲线。基于这些理由分析的变形过程同时显示了变形的车身部分进入汽车内部的范围，从而对车辆乘员造成危险。计算结果表明，例如，车身侧面在 0.02-0.03 秒内变形到 0.2 m 的深度。在这样的车身侧变形范围内，变形的车身部分以大约6m/s的速度撞击乘员的臀部和骨盆区域。