Hemoglobin-polydopamine particles (Hb-PDA) have shown high stability, with polydopamine (PDA) serving as a protective layer and antioxidant. However, the effects of the PDA coating on the properties and in vivo biosafety of Hb-PDA remain unclear. This work was conducted to characterize Hb-PDA and evaluate its biosafety. Hb-PDA exhibited negative surface charge and their infusion did not cause blood immunotoxicity or significant tissue injury. Hb-PDA were not phagocyted after co-incubation with macrophages for 3 h. Moreover, the particles showed the highest accumulation in the lungs, and a prolonged retention in major organs. It was also found that the particles were cleared by macrophages in splenic tissue and Kupffer cells in hepatic tissue. In summary, this research showed that Hb-PDA has high dispersion stability, low in vivo toxicity, and extended retention, illustrating its potency as a biosafe oxygen carrier.

中文翻译：

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聚多巴胺涂覆的血红蛋白基氧气载体的表征和生物安全性评估。

血红蛋白-聚多巴胺颗粒（Hb-PDA）已显示出高稳定性，其中聚多巴胺（PDA）作为保护层和抗氧化剂。但是，PDA涂层对性能和体内的影响Hb-PDA的生物安全性尚不清楚。进行这项工作以表征Hb-PDA并评估其生物安全性。Hb-PDA表现出负表面电荷，其输注不会引起血液免疫毒性或严重的组织损伤。与巨噬细胞共孵育3 h后，Hb-PDA未被吞噬。而且，这些颗粒在肺中显示出最高的积累，并且在主要器官中的保留时间延长。还发现颗粒被脾脏组织中的巨噬细胞和肝组织中的库普弗细胞清除。总而言之，这项研究表明Hb-PDA具有高分散稳定性，低体内毒性和延长的保留时间，说明了其作为生物安全氧气载体的潜力。