Mentally ill offenders have a right to a fair trial and adequate treatment in terms of the law. The diversion of mentally ill offenders between the criminal justice and the mental health care systems is linked to the forensic psychiatric assessment and based on two psycho-legal constructs, fitness to stand trial (FTST) and criminal responsibility (CR). Forensic psychiatric assessment is therefore an important element in criminal law and plays a major role in the court's decisions regarding the sentence, detention, placement, or treatment of mentally ill offenders. The legislation aims to ensure balancing the rights of mentally ill offenders to psychiatric care and society's safety. A narrative overview of the literature summarizing the findings on legislation regulating FTST and CR assessment and their practice in different areas of the world was conducted. It offers insight into the advantages and disadvantages of the various approaches and examines the way court proceedings function in these different geographical and psychosocial-legal contexts. This may have policy implications for individual systems and allow countries to consider feasible mechanisms to refine the relevant legislation to improve their practices in forensic psychiatric assessments. Worldwide, relevant legislation is considered as essential in protecting mentally ill offender's right; it has been established for many years regarding specifying the procedures and responsibilities for the mental health care and criminal justice systems. Despite similarities in the principles of the psycho-legal constructs in different countries, there are differences in the way legislations are implemented, often depending on the available resources.

精神病人有权依法获得公平审判和适当待遇。精神病罪犯在刑事司法和精神卫生保健系统之间的转移与法医精神病学评估有关，并基于两个心理法律结构，即适合接受审判 (FTST) 和刑事责任 (CR)。因此，法医精神病学评估是刑法中的一个重要元素，在法院关于精神病罪犯的判刑、拘留、安置或治疗的决定中发挥着重要作用。该立法旨在确保在精神病罪犯获得精神病治疗的权利和社会安全之间取得平衡。对文献进行了叙述性概述，总结了监管 FTST 和 CR 评估的立法结果及其在世界不同地区的实践。它提供了对各种方法的优缺点的深入了解，并研究了法院诉讼程序在这些不同的地理和社会心理法律背景下的运作方式。这可能对个别系统产生政策影响，并允许各国考虑可行的机制来完善相关立法，以改进其在法医精神病学评估方面的做法。在世界范围内，相关立法被认为对保护精神病人的权利至关重要；多年来，它一直致力于为精神卫生保健和刑事司法系统规定程序和责任。