Groundnut is one of the major legume crops grown as food and cash crop across the different agroecological zones of Burkina Faso. It is ranked the 2nd important legume crop for household food, nutrition, and income generation for both rural and urban zones, contributing significantly to food supply and economy of the country. Despite its importance and breeding efforts to develop improved varieties, groundnut productivity remains low. Assessing and describing the present groundnut cropping system and production constraints as well as gender dynamics in the main production areas will help in defining the groundnut breeding priorities. A participatory rural appraisal study was conducted in three groundnut production regions (central-eastern, central-northern, and central-western). In each region, 4 villages were selected with a total of 124 farmers interviewed to collect data on socio-demographics, farming systems, cropping practices, and production constraints. Data analysis was carried out for qualitative and quantitative variables using STATA 14. Analysis of variance was conducted across regions and gender, and also between and within regions. Kendall’s coefficients were determined for qualitative variables across regions for the constraints using the pairwise rank. Pearson’s correlation was carried out to assess the relationship between variables, and the chi-square test was used to assess the difference in farmer preferences. The study revealed a cropping system of groundnut in an environment largely affected by climate change and in a subsistence and extensive agriculture. There is a variation in the groundnut cropping system across the regions. Gender plays a key role in the production of the groundnut, and 48.39% of women are engaged in groundnut cropping with less access to land and production resources. A yield gap between men and women was observed with men achieving more yield than women. There was a strong correlation between the use of improved varieties and technical assistance. A strong correlation was observed between farm size and production, and farm size and sex denoting an extensive production. Production constraints, although similar, were perceived and ranked differently between regions. The lack of improved varieties, absence of agricultural credit, lack of production tools, the high price of seeds, the high price of fertilizer, drought, and disease are some of the important constraints affecting groundnut productivity. This study provides a recent view of groundnut cropping, allowing a good understanding of the farmers’ situation. The result will contribute to the refining of breeding priorities and guide further activities in groundnut breeding in Burkina Faso.

中文翻译：

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布基纳法索花生种植系统参与性分析及生产限制

花生是布基纳法索不同农业生态区中以粮食和经济作物为主的主要豆类作物之一。它是农村和城市地区家庭食物，营养和创收的第二重要豆类作物，为该国的粮食供应和经济做出了重要贡献。尽管花生的重要性和育种努力以开发改良品种，但花生的生产力仍然很低。评估和描述当前的花生种植制度和生产限制以及主要产区的性别动态将有助于确定花生育种的重点。在三个花生生产地区（中东部，中北部和中西部）进行了参与性农村评估研究。在每个地区 选择了4个村庄，对总共124名农民进行了采访，以收集有关社会人口统计资料，耕作制度，耕作方法和生产限制的数据。使用STATA 14进行了定性和定量变量的数据分析。跨地区和性别以及地区之间和地区内部进行了方差分析。使用成对等级确定约束条件下跨区域的定性变量的肯德尔系数。进行皮尔逊相关性评估变量之间的关系，卡方检验用于评估农民偏好的差异。这项研究揭示了在气候变化和自给自足的广泛农业环境下，花生的种植系统。整个地区的花生种植系统存在差异。性别在花生的生产中起关键作用，有48.39％的妇女从事花生种植，但土地和生产资源的获取却较少。观察到男人和女人之间的产量差距，男人比女人获得更多的产量。改良品种的使用与技术援助之间有很强的相关性。观察到农场规模与生产之间，以及农场规模与性别之间的密切相关性表明了大规模生产。生产约束虽然相似，但在不同地区之间的感知和排名有所不同。缺乏改良品种，缺乏农业信用，缺乏生产工具，种子价格高，肥料价格高，干旱，和疾病是影响花生生产力的一些重要限制因素。这项研究提供了花生种植的最新观点，使人们对农民的状况有了很好的了解。结果将有助于改进育种重点，并指导布基纳法索花生育种的进一步活动。