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SARS-CoV-2 Fusion Peptide has a Greater Membrane Perturbating Effect than SARS-CoV with Highly Specific Dependence on Ca2+
bioRxiv - Molecular Biology Pub Date : 2021-01-04 , DOI: 10.1101/2021.01.04.425297
Alex L. Lai , Jack H. Freed

Entry of coronaviruses into host cells is mediated by the spike (S) protein. In our previous ESR studies, the local membrane ordering effect of the fusion peptide (FP) of various viral glycoproteins including the S of SARS-CoV (SARS-1) and MERS-CoV has been consistently observed. We previously determined that the sequence immediately downstream from the S2' cleavage site is the bona fide SARS-1 FP. In this study, we used sequence alignment to identify the SARS-CoV-2(SARS-2) FP, and studied its membrane ordering effect. Although there are only three residue difference, SARS-2 FP induces even greater membrane ordering than SARS-1 FP, possibly due to its greater hydrophobicity. This may be a reason that SARS-2 is better able to infect host cells. Both the membrane ordering of SARS-2 and SARS-1 FPs are dependent on Ca2+, but that of SARS-2 shows a greater response to the presence of Ca2+. Both FPs bind two Ca2+ ions, but the two Ca2+ binding sites of SARS-2 exhibit greater cooperativity. This Ca2+ dependence by the SARS-2 FP is very ion-specific. Using a pseudo-type viral particle with the SARS-1 S-protein on its surface, we found that the S-protein trimer containing the FPs is even more effective in inducing membrane ordering in a Ca2+-dependent fashion. These results show that Ca2+ is an important regulator that interacts with the SARS-2 FP and thus plays a significant role in SARS-2 viral entry. This could lead to therapeutic solutions that either target the FP-calcium interaction or block the Ca2+ channel.

中文翻译:

SARS-CoV-2融合肽比SARS-CoV具有更高的膜扰动效应,且对Ca2 +的依赖性高。

冠状病毒进入宿主细胞是由刺突(S)蛋白介导的。在我们以前的ESR研究中,一直观察到各种病毒糖蛋白(包括SARS-CoV的S(SARS-1)和MERS-CoV)的融合肽(FP)的局部膜有序作用。我们先前确定,紧邻S2'裂解位点下游的序列是真正的SARS-1 FP。在这项研究中,我们使用序列比对来鉴定SARS-CoV-2(SARS-2)FP,并研究其膜有序作用。尽管仅存在三个残基差异,但SARS-2 FP可能比SARS-1 FP引起更大的膜排序,这可能是由于其更大的疏水性。这可能是SARS-2更能感染宿主细胞的原因。SARS-2和SARS-1 FP的膜顺序均取决于Ca2 +,但是SARS-2的响应显示出对Ca2 +的更大响应。两个FP都结合两个Ca2 +离子,但SARS-2的两个Ca2 +结合位点表现出更大的协同性。SARS-2 FP对Ca2 +的依赖性非常强。使用表面带有SARS-1 S蛋白的假型病毒颗粒,我们发现含有FP的S蛋白三聚体甚至可以更有效地诱导Ca2 +依赖性的膜排列。这些结果表明,Ca 2+是与SARS-2 FP相互作用的重要调节剂,因此在SARS-2病毒进入中起重要作用。这可能会导致靶向FP-钙相互作用或阻断Ca2 +通道的治疗方案。SARS-2 FP对Ca2 +的依赖性非常强。使用表面带有SARS-1 S蛋白的假型病毒颗粒,我们发现含有FP的S蛋白三聚体甚至可以更有效地诱导Ca2 +依赖性的膜排列。这些结果表明,Ca 2+是与SARS-2 FP相互作用的重要调节剂,因此在SARS-2病毒进入中起重要作用。这可能会导致靶向FP-钙相互作用或阻断Ca2 +通道的治疗方案。SARS-2 FP对Ca2 +的依赖性非常强。使用表面带有SARS-1 S蛋白的假型病毒颗粒,我们发现含有FP的S蛋白三聚体甚至可以更有效地诱导Ca2 +依赖性的膜排列。这些结果表明,Ca 2+是与SARS-2 FP相互作用的重要调节剂,因此在SARS-2病毒进入中起重要作用。这可能会导致靶向FP-钙相互作用或阻断Ca2 +通道的治疗方案。这些结果表明,Ca 2+是与SARS-2 FP相互作用的重要调节剂,因此在SARS-2病毒进入中起重要作用。这可能会导致靶向FP-钙相互作用或阻断Ca2 +通道的治疗方案。这些结果表明,Ca 2+是与SARS-2 FP相互作用的重要调节剂,因此在SARS-2病毒进入中起重要作用。这可能会导致靶向FP-钙相互作用或阻断Ca2 +通道的治疗方案。
更新日期:2021-01-05
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