This paper presents an advanced controller for multi-input bidirectional DC–DC power converter (MIPC) for hybrid energy storage system (HESS). When batteries are used for energy storage, their rates of charge and discharge are low, and this sets up current stress on the battery, decreasing its life. Supercapacitors (SC), with their higher power density, can react immediately to sudden fluctuations and can take care of this issue. However, SC alone cannot be used for storage, as they cannot supply power for longer durations. In HESS, batteries and supercapacitors are used together, as their contrasting characteristic makes them a perfect combination for energy storage. The HESS is interfaced with DC microgrid using MIPC. MIPC provides decoupled control of battery and SC power and also facilitates energy exchange between storage devices within the system. A controller is designed for DC microgrid application, with its operation modified to control both HESS charging and discharging operation, making it a unified controller. Conventional control schemes neglect uncompensated power from the battery system, and power sharing depends entirely on a low-pass filter (LPF). In the control scheme proposed in this paper, uncompensated power from the battery system is utilized to improve the SC system. This approach reduces the current stresses, increases the life cycle of the battery, improves the overall system performance to the step change in PV generation and load demand, and provides faster DC grid voltage regulation. Simulation and experimental results are developed for the proposed controller by varying photovoltaic (PV) generation and load demand, providing faster DC link voltage regulation.

中文翻译：

---

直流微电网应用中 HESS 两输入双向 DC-DC 转换器新型控制方案的建模、分析和设计

本文提出了一种用于混合储能系统 (HESS) 的多输入双向 DC-DC 电源转换器 (MIPC) 的高级控制器。当电池用于储能时，它们的充电和放电速率较低，这会对电池产生电流压力，从而缩短其寿命。超级电容器 (SC) 具有更高的功率密度，可以对突然的波动立即做出反应，并可以解决这个问题。但是，SC 不能单独用于存储，因为它们不能长时间供电。在 HESS 中，电池和超级电容器一起使用，因为它们的对比特性使其成为储能的完美组合。HESS 使用 MIPC 与直流微电网连接。MIPC 提供对电池和 SC 电源的分离控制，还促进系统内存储设备之间的能量交换。控制器专为直流微电网应用而设计，其操作经过修改以控制 HESS 充电和放电操作，使其成为统一控制器。传统控制方案忽略来自电池系统的未补偿功率，功率共享完全取决于低通滤波器 (LPF)。在本文提出的控制方案中，利用来自电池系统的未补偿功率来改进 SC 系统。这种方法降低了电流应力，增加了电池的生命周期，提高了整体系统性能以适应光伏发电和负载需求的阶跃变化，并提供更快的直流电网电压调节。