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Influence of edaphic and management factors on soils aggregates stability under no-tillage in Mollisols and Vertisols of the Pampa Region, Argentina
Soil and Tillage Research ( IF 6.5 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-05 , DOI: 10.1016/j.still.2020.104901
Filipe Behrends Kraemer , Héctor Morrás , Patricia Lilia Fernández , Matías Duval , Juan Galantini , Lucas Garibaldi

In the highly fertile and productive soils of the Pampa Region of Argentina, constraints on soil water regime as a consequence of the decline in aggregates stability and the development of platy structures, are observed. Most of agricultural plots in this region, even under no tillage, are subjected to simplification of crop sequences (low cropping intensity) with predominance of soybean. On the contrary, some farmers are intensifying the crops sequence to avoid soil degradation and equilibrate economical incomes. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of intrinsic soil factors and of cropping intensity on aggregates stability in the surface horizon of the main soils in this region. Three Mollisols (an Entic Haplustoll and two Typic Argiudolls) and a Vertisol (Hapludert) located across a west-east transect in the northern part of the Argentinean Pampas were selected for this study. In each site two management treatments under no-till (GAP: Good Agricultural Practices –high cropping intensity- and PAP: Poor Agricultural Practices –low cropping intensity-) and a soil without cultivation as a reference (NE: Natural Environment) were compared. In each treatment, aggregates destruction mechanisms were assessed by Le Bissonnais (1996) tests: slaking, microcraking and cohesion loss. Mollisols showed higher aggregates stability than the Vertisol. Differences on aggregates stability depended on management variables and on organic carbon contents in the Mollisols and on both clay content-clay type in the Vertisol, revealing a strong relationship of aggregation mechanisms with soils taxonomic order. In the Mollisols, the labile coarse particulate organic carbon fraction (POCc) determined the shifts on slaking and overall aggregates stability rather than other carbon fractions. In the soils studied, aggregates stability was linked mainly to management variables, best reflected by the cropping intensity index (CI). More intensive agricultural managements (GAP treatments) in Mollisols and Vertisol, resulted in an enhancement of aggregates stability; however, this relationship was stronger in the Mollisols. Surface horizons from both soil orders evidenced a high soil fragility related to slaking process (FW10s and FW tests). Thus, FW test was the best test to discriminate between management treatments. The results obtained in this work allow, on the one hand, to understand the stabilization mechanisms of the structure in the surface horizon of the main Pampas soils and, on the other hand, to highlight the effect of different NT management practice on soil aggregate stability, which highly affects soil health and the sustainability of agricultural systems.



中文翻译:

耕作和管理因素对阿根廷邦帕地区的免耕耕作条件下土壤团聚体稳定性的影响

在阿根廷潘帕地区的高肥沃和高产土壤中,观察到由于团聚体稳定性下降和板状结构发展而对土壤水分状况造成的限制。该地区的大部分农地,即使不耕种,都以大豆为主,简化了种植顺序(低种植强度)。相反,一些农民正在加强作物种植顺序,以避免土壤退化和平衡经济收入。这项工作的目的是评估土壤内在因素和种植强度对该地区主要土壤表层聚集体稳定性的影响。本研究选择了位于阿根廷潘帕斯北部东西横断面的三个毛利溶胶(一个Entic Haplustoll和两个Typic Argiudolls)和一个Vertisol(Hapludert)。在每个地点,比较了两种免耕管理措施(GAP:良好农业规范–高种植强度-和PAP:不良农业规范-低种植强度-)和没有耕作的土壤作为参考(NE:自然环境)。在每种处理中,骨料破坏机理均通过Le Bissonnais(1996)测试进行评估:碎裂,微裂纹和内聚力损失。Mollisols显示的聚集体稳定性高于Vertisol。骨料稳定性的差异取决于管理变量和Mollisol中的有机碳含量,以及Vertisol中的粘土含量和粘土类型,揭示了聚集机制与土壤生物分类顺序的密切关系。在Mollisols中,不稳定的粗颗粒有机碳组分(POCc)决定了碎裂和整体骨料稳定性的变化,而不是其他碳组分。在研究的土壤中,集料的稳定性主要与管理变量相关,最好通过种植强度指数(CI)反映出来。加强对Mollisols和Vertisol的农业管理(GAP处理),提高了骨料的稳定性;但是,这种关系在Mollisols中更强。两种土壤阶的地表水平都证明与崩解过程有关的土壤易碎性(FW 不稳定的粗颗粒有机碳组分(POCc)决定了剥落和整体骨料稳定性的变化,而不是其他碳组分。在研究的土壤中,集料的稳定性主要与管理变量相关,最好通过种植强度指数(CI)反映出来。加强对Mollisols和Vertisol的农业管理(GAP处理),提高了骨料的稳定性;但是,这种关系在Mollisols中更强。两种土壤阶的地表水平都证明与崩解过程有关的土壤易碎性(FW 不稳定的粗颗粒有机碳组分(POCc)决定了剥落和整体骨料稳定性的变化,而不是其他碳组分。在研究的土壤中,集料的稳定性主要与管理变量相关,最好通过种植强度指数(CI)反映出来。加强对Mollisols和Vertisol的农业管理(GAP处理),提高了骨料的稳定性;但是,这种关系在Mollisols中更强。两种土壤阶的地表水平都证明与崩解过程有关的土壤易碎性(FW 加强对Mollisols和Vertisol的农业管理(GAP处理),提高了骨料的稳定性;但是,这种关系在Mollisols中更强。两种土壤阶的地表水平都证明与崩解过程有关的土壤易碎性(FW 加强对Mollisols和Vertisol的农业管理(GAP处理),提高了骨料的稳定性;但是,这种关系在Mollisols中更强。两种土壤阶的地表水平都证明与崩解过程有关的土壤易碎性(FW10s和FW测试)。因此,FW测试是区分管理治疗的最佳测试。通过这项工作获得的结果,一方面可以了解主要潘帕斯土壤表层结构的稳定机制,另一方面可以强调不同NT管理实践对土壤团聚体稳定性的影响。 ,这极大地影响了土壤健康和农业系统的可持续性。

更新日期:2021-01-05
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