The vaginal microbiota has been studied in animal reproduction and fertility, in particular little information of vaginal microbes in reference to bovine reproduction and pheromone production is known. The vaginal mucosa in healthy cow is colonized by an equilibrated and dynamic composition of aerobic, facultative anaerobic and obligate anaerobic microbes. Cervico-vaginal mucus (CVM) composition, viscosity and volume vary with the cyclicity and health status of the reproductive tract. In addition, CVM contains pheromones, volatile compounds, and proteins that attract males for coitus. Commensal microbiota plays a key role in protection of the genital tract from pathogenic microbes by competition effect. In the bovine species, the microbial composition, its abundance and diversity in the female gut, vagina, urine, saliva, and feces, and the associated chemical communication remains poorly documented. The impact of microbes in the reproductive tract of cow, buffalo and certain mammals are discussed in this review. Since the microbial population diversity of CVM is modified during estrus phase it presumes that it may have a role for pheromone production in conspecific. Herein, we would like to critically discuss the current state of knowledge on microbially produced signals in animals and the role of genital and CVM microbiota in estrous cycle and pregnancy.

阴道微生物群已在动物繁殖和繁殖力方面进行了研究，尤其是关于牛繁殖和信息素产生的阴道微生物信息很少。健康母牛的阴道粘膜被需氧，兼性厌氧和专性厌氧微生物的平衡和动态组成所定植。宫颈阴道粘液（CVM）的成分，粘度和体积随生殖道的周期性和健康状况而变化。此外，CVM包含信息素，挥发性化合物和吸引雄性交配的蛋白质。共生菌群通过竞争作用在保护生殖道免受病原微生物的侵害中起着关键作用。在牛物种中，雌性肠道，阴道，尿液，唾液和粪便中的微生物组成及其丰富度和多样性，并且相关的化学信息交流记录仍然很少。在这篇评论中讨论了微生物对牛，水牛和某些哺乳动物的生殖道的影响。由于CVM的微生物种群多样性在发情期被修改，因此推测它可能对特定物种的信息素产生具有一定作用。在这里，我们想批判性地讨论动物中微生物产生的信号的当前知识状态，以及生殖器和CVM菌群在发情周期和妊娠中的作用。