According to the most popular model for the origin of cosmic rays (CRs), supernova remnants (SNRs) are the site where CRs are accelerated. Observations across the electromagnetic spectrum support this picture through the detection of non-thermal emission that is compatible with being synchrotron or inverse Compton radiation from high energy electrons, or pion decay due to proton-proton interactions. These observations of growing quantity and quality promise to unveil many aspects of CRs acceleration and require more and more accurate tools for their interpretation. Here, we show how multidimensional MHD models of SNRs, including the effects on shock dynamics due to back-reaction of accelerated CRs and the synthesis of non-thermal emission, turned out to be very useful to investigate the signatures of CRs acceleration and to put constraints on the acceleration mechanism of high energy particles. These models have been used to interpret accurately observations of SNRs in various bands (radio, X-ray and γ-ray) and to extract from them key information about CRs acceleration.

中文翻译：

---

模拟超新星遗迹中的粒子加速和非热辐射

根据最流行的宇宙射线 (CR) 起源模型，超新星遗迹 (SNR) 是 CR 加速的场所。通过检测与同步加速器或来自高能电子的逆康普顿辐射或由于质子 - 质子相互作用引起的π介子衰变相兼容的非热辐射，电磁波谱上的观测支持了这一图像。这些对不断增长的数量和质量的观察有望揭示 CR 加速的许多方面，并需要越来越准确的工具来解释它们。在这里，我们展示了 SNR 的多维 MHD 模型，包括由于加速 CR 的反向反应和非热发射的合成对冲击动力学的影响，结果证明对于研究 CRs 加速的特征和对高能粒子的加速机制施加约束非常有用。这些模型已被用于准确解释不同波段（无线电、X 射线和 γ 射线）中 SNR 的观测结果，并从中提取有关 CR 加速的关键信息。