Recombinant proteins play an important role in many areas of our lives. For example, recombinant enzymes are used in the food and chemical industries and as high-quality proteins for research, diagnostic and therapeutic applications. The production of recombinant proteins is still dominated by expression systems based on microbes and mammalian cells, although the manufacturing of recombinant proteins in plants - known as molecular farming - has been promoted as an alternative, cost-efficient strategy for three decades. Several molecular farming products have reached the market, but the number of success stories has been limited by industrial inertia driven by perceptions of low productivity, the high cost of downstream processing, and regulatory hurdles that create barriers to translation. Here, we discuss the technical and economic factors required for the successful commercialization of molecular farming, and consider potential future directions to enable the broader application of production platforms based on plants.

中文翻译：

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用于生产有价值蛋白质的植物分子农业——对成就和未来挑战的批判性评估

重组蛋白在我们生活的许多领域都发挥着重要作用。例如，重组酶用于食品和化学工业，并作为研究、诊断和治疗应用的高质量蛋白质。重组蛋白的生产仍然由基于微生物和哺乳动物细胞的表达系统主导，尽管在植物中制造重组蛋白 - 称为分子农业 - 已被推广为替代的、具有成本效益的战略三十年来。一些分子农业产品已进入市场，但由于生产力低下、下游加工成本高的观念以及对翻译造成障碍的监管障碍所驱动的工业惯性，成功案例的数量受到限制。这里，