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Sensitivity of Cercospora spp. from soybean to quinone outside inhibitors and methyl benzimidazole carbamate fungicides in Brazil
Tropical Plant Pathology ( IF 2.5 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-04 , DOI: 10.1007/s40858-020-00410-4
Flávia E. de Mello , Valéria S. Lopes-Caitar , Helen Prudente , Sheila A. Xavier-Valencio , Sören Franzenburg , Andreas Mehl , Francismar C. Marcelino-Guimaraes , Joseph-Alexander Verreet , Maria I. Balbi-Peña , Cláudia V. Godoy

Cercospora leaf blight and purple seed stain are caused by Cercospora kikuchii and other Cercospora spp . The fungus can infect leaves and seeds on soybean, and the disease is controlled with fungicides. In Brazil, the intensive use of fungicides on soybean to control other diseases such as soybean rust has exerted resistance selection pressure on all fungal pathogens that attack in the crop. In this study, we evaluated the sensitivity of 56 Cercospora spp. soybean isolates collected during 9 crop seasons in 9 Brazilian states to quinone outside inhibitors (QoI) and methyl benzimidazole carbamate (MBC) fungicides using mycelial growth inhibition in amended media with a discriminatory dose of 10 μg/mL. We also analyzed single polymorphisms in the target genes cytb and β-tubulin using target genotyping by sequencing by Illumina short reads. Genome-local association was used to correlate the point mutations found in the coding sequence with in vitro assays results. For cytb gene, it was observed only the G143A mutation in 73% of the isolates. The mutation G143A was present in 97% of the isolates classified as resistant at least for two QoI fungicides. The mutation E198A was present in 71% of the isolates being significantly associated with the reduction control to MBC fungicides. Cross-resistance was observed into QoI (azoxystrobin, picoxystrobin, and pyraclostrobin) and MBC (carbendazim, and thiophanate-methyl) active ingredients fungicides. About 97% of Cercospora spp. isolates analyzed possessed the double mutations G143A and E198A and resulting in less sensitive to QoI and MBC fungicides, respectively. All isolates showed homozygous variation in the alternative allele in G143A and E198A mutations. Our results suggest that resistance of the Cercospora spp. from soybean to QoI and MBC fungicides has occurred since the 2008 cropping season in Brazil associated with G143A and E198A mutations.

中文翻译:

尾孢属的敏感性。巴西从大豆到醌外抑制剂和甲基苯并咪唑氨基甲酸酯类杀菌剂

Cercospora 叶枯病和紫色种子染色是由 Cercospora kikuchii 和其他 Cercospora spp 引起的。该真菌可侵染大豆的叶子和种子,用杀菌剂控制该病害。在巴西,为控制大豆锈病等其他病害而在大豆上大量使用杀菌剂,这对侵袭作物的所有真菌病原体施加了抗性选择压力。在这项研究中,我们评估了 56 种尾孢菌的敏感性。将在巴西 9 个州的 9 个作物季节收集的大豆分离株转化为醌外抑制剂 (QoI) 和甲基苯并咪唑氨基甲酸酯 (MBC) 杀菌剂,在修正培养基中使用菌丝体生长抑制,区分剂量为 10 μg/mL。我们还通过 Illumina 短读长测序,使用靶基因分型分析了靶基因 cytb 和 β-微管蛋白的单一多态性。基因组-局部关联用于将编码序列中发现的点突变与体外测定结果相关联。对于 cytb 基因,在 73% 的分离株中仅观察到 G143A 突变。G143A 突变存在于 97% 被归类为至少对两种 QoI 杀菌剂具有抗性的分离株中。E198A 突变存在于 71% 的分离株中,与 MBC 杀菌剂的减少控制显着相关。在 QoI(嘧菌酯、嘧菌酯和唑菌胺酯)和 MBC(多菌灵和甲基硫菌灵)活性成分杀菌剂中观察到交叉抗性。大约 97% 的尾孢菌属。分析的分离株具有双突变 G143A 和 E198A,分别导致对 QoI 和 MBC 杀菌剂的敏感性较低。所有分离株在 G143A 和 E198A 突变的替代等位基因中均显示纯合变异。我们的结果表明尾孢菌的抗性。从大豆到 QoI 和 MBC 杀菌剂的变化自 2008 年巴西种植季节以来就发生了,与 G143A 和 E198A 突变相关。
更新日期:2021-01-04
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