The total red shift z might be recast as a combination of the expansion red shift and a static shift due to the energy–momentum tensor non-conservation of a photon propagating through Electro-Magnetic (EM) fields. If massive, the photon may be described by the de Broglie–Proca (dBP) theory which satisfies the Lorentz(-Poincaré) Symmetry (LoSy) but not gauge-invariance. The latter is regained in the Standard-Model Extension (SME), associated with LoSy Violation (LSV) that naturally dresses photons of a mass. The non-conservation stems from the vacuum expectation value of the vector and tensor LSV fields. The final colour (red or blue) and size of the static shift depend on the orientations and strength of the LSV and EM multiple fields encountered along the path of the photon. Turning to cosmology, for a zero \(\Omega _{\Lambda }\) energy density, the discrepancy between luminosity and red shift distances of SNeIa disappears thanks to the recasting of z. Massive photons induce an effective dark energy acting ‘optically’ but not dynamically.

由于通过电磁场（EM）传播的光子的能量-动量张量不守恒，总的红移z可能会被重新组合为扩展红移和静态移位的组合。如果质量很大，则光子可以用满足Brorent（-Poincaré）对称性（LoSy）但不满足规范不变性的de Broglie-Proca（dBP）理论来描述。后者在标准模型扩展（SME）中重新获得，而标准模型扩展（Losy Violation）（LSV）则自然地修饰了质量的光子。非守恒源于矢量和张量LSV场的真空期望值。最终颜色（红色或蓝色）和静态位移的大小取决于LSV和EM沿光子路径遇到的多个场的方向和强度。转向宇宙论，求零\（\ Omega _ {\ Lambda} \）能量密度，由于z的重铸，SNeIa的光度和红移距离之间的差异消失了。大量的光子会感应出有效的暗能量，其“光学地”作用而不是动态地作用。