Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells have been investigated for many years, especially for tissue regeneration, and have inherent limitations. One of the rapidly developing fields in the scientific world in recent years is extracellular vesicles. Especially, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell originated extracellular vesicles are known to have positive contributions in tissue regeneration, and these extracellular vesicles have also been used as gene transfer systems for cellular therapy. Through gene expression analysis and bioinformatics tools, it is possible to determine which genes have changed in the targeted tissue or cell and which miRNAs that can correct this gene expression disorder. This approach connecting the stem cell, extracellular vesicles, epigenetics regulation and bioinformatics fields is one of the promising areas for the treatment of diseases in the future. With this review, it is aimed to present the studies carried out for the use of bone marrow stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles loaded with targeted miRNAs in different in vivo and in vitro human disease models and to discuss recent developments in this field.

骨髓间充质干细胞已经研究了很多年，尤其是对于组织再生，并且具有固有的局限性。近年来，科学界中发展迅速的领域之一是细胞外囊泡。特别地，已知源自骨髓间充质干细胞的细胞外囊泡在组织再生中具有积极作用，并且这些细胞外囊泡还已经用作细胞疗法的基因转移系统。通过基因表达分析和生物信息学工具，可以确定目标组织或细胞中哪些基因发生了变化，哪些miRNA可以纠正该基因表达障碍。这种连接干细胞，细胞外囊泡，表观遗传学调控和生物信息学领域是未来治疗疾病的有前途的领域之一。鉴于此，本研究旨在介绍在不同的体内和体外人类疾病模型中使用载有靶向miRNA的骨髓干细胞衍生的细胞外囊泡进行的研究，并讨论该领域的最新发展。