Abstract

The mechanisms of aging are described at the molecular, cell, tissue, and systemic levels. Primary age-dependent molecular lesions activate the cell stress response to compensate for the resulting defects, but the mechanisms that recover and maintain homeostasis are gradually deteriorated. When the amount of errors reaches a critical threshold in regulatory networks, a phase transition from health to disease occurs at the systemic level. The review considers the approaches to quantitative assessment of the aging process (biomarkers of aging) and promising interventions to slow down the aging process and to reduce the risk of age-dependent diseases.

中文翻译：

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衰老，生物标志物和潜在干预的关键分子机制

摘要

在分子，细胞，组织和全身水平上描述了衰老的机制。原发性年龄依赖性分子损伤激活细胞应激反应以补偿所产生的缺陷，但恢复和维持体内稳态的机制逐渐恶化。当错误数量达到监管网络中的关键阈值时，在系统级别会发生从健康到疾病的阶段转换。该审查考虑了对衰老过程进行定量评估的方法（衰老的生物标志物），并提出了有希望的干预措施以减缓衰老过程并降低与年龄有关的疾病的风险。