In marine seismic exploration, the sea surface ghost causes frequency notches and low-frequency loss, which affects the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and resolution of seismic records. This paper presents a simultaneous receiver-side deghosting and denoising method based on the sparsity constraint. First, considering the influence of propagation direction and sea surface reflection coefficient, the ghost time delay is calculated accurately, and then the accurate ghost operator is constructed in the frequency—slowness domain. Finally, the ghost-free data are obtained using the sparse constraint algorithm that can effectively suppress the ghost along with the noise energy. This method can remove the ghost and noise simultaneously, achieving quick convergence and with few iterations. It is applied to synthetic data and actual streamer field data. Test results prove that the ghost and notches are suppressed effectively, the SNR is improved, and the band is well broadened.

在海洋地震勘探中，海面虚影会导致频率陷波和低频损耗，从而影响信噪比（SNR）和地震记录的分辨率。本文提出了一种基于稀疏约束的接收机侧同时去虚像和去噪方法。首先，考虑传播方向和海面反射系数的影响，准确地计算出幻影时间延迟，然后在频慢域中构造出精确的幻影算子。最后，使用稀疏约束算法获得了无鬼影数据，该算法可以有效抑制鬼影以及噪声能量。该方法可以同时消除重影和噪声，实现快速收敛并且迭代次数很少。它适用于合成数据和实际拖缆现场数据。