Introduction: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) caregivers resilience involves the interaction between different risk and protective factors. Context of care, objective stressors, perceived stressors caregiver assessment, mediators factors and consequences of care were associated with resilience. We have developed a more integrated and operational conceptual model of resilience and care than previous models in our sociocultural environment.
Purpose: To assess the resilience of caregivers of people with AD and the related factors grouped according to an established operational conceptual model of Alzheimer´s caregivers stress.
Patients and Methods: A total of 120 primary informal caregivers of AD persons in Badajoz (Spain) were included in a cross-sectional design. The following variables have been measured on AD persons and caregivers: socio-demographic data, dependency level, cognitive decline, neuropsychiatric and behavioral symptoms, anxiety, depression, severity of somatic symptoms, level of burden, self-esteem, coping, social support, health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and resilience.
Results: Most of the caregivers reported symptoms of anxiety (63.3%) and depression (62.5%). We found out higher levels of resilience in caregivers with lower dependence caring (p=0.004). Higher resilience levels of caregivers were related to minor depressive (p=0.006) and anxiety symptoms (p=0.000), and higher HRQOL (p=0.000). Coping dimension mostly used was problem-based strategies such as active coping, positive reinterpretation and acceptance (p= 0.000).
Conclusion: Those caregivers reporting higher levels of resilience exhibited moderate to intense indicators of burden, fewer symptoms of depression and anxiety and fewer somatic symptoms. They also used adequate problem-focused coping strategies, showed higher levels of HRQOL and demonstrated an appropriate perception of social support. Despite the fact that the characteristics relating to the care context and to social support exert an undeniable influence on caregiver resilience, it would appear that the caregiver’s own intra-psychic resources reveal stronger correlations.
Relevance for Clinical Practice: The early and accurate identification of caregivers with lower levels of resilience could enable the implementation of vital psychological and educative support interventions to help caregivers to improve their well-being.

Keywords: adaptation, psychological, quality of life, social support, depression, anxiety, self-concept


中文翻译：

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了解西班牙阿尔茨海默病患者照顾者的复原力因素

简介：阿尔茨海默病 (AD) 照顾者的复原力涉及不同风险和保护因素之间的相互作用。护理环境、客观压力源、感知压力源、护理人员评估、中介因素和护理后果与复原力相关。在我们的社会文化环境中，与以前的模型相比，我们开发了一种更具综合性和可操作性的复原力和护理概念模型。
目的：根据既定的阿尔茨海默病照顾者压力操作概念模型，评估 AD 患者照顾者的复原力和相关因素。
患者和方法：横断面设计包括了巴达霍斯（西班牙）总共 120 名 AD 患者的主要非正式照顾者。对 AD 患者和照料者进行了以下变量测量：社会人口数据、依赖性水平、认知能力下降、神经精神和行为症状、焦虑、抑郁、躯体症状的严重程度、负担水平、自尊、应对、社会支持、健康相关的生活质量 (HRQOL) 和复原力。
结果：大多数护理人员报告了焦虑（63.3%）和抑郁（62.5%）的症状。我们发现依赖照顾较低的照顾者的复原力水平较高（p=0.004）。护理人员的较高复原力水平与轻度抑郁 (p=0.006) 和焦虑症状 (p=0.000) 以及较高的 HRQOL (p=0.000) 有关。主要使用的应对维度是基于问题的策略，例如主动应对、积极的重新解释和接受（p = 0.000）。
结论：那些报告复原力水平较高的护理人员表现出中度至强烈的负担指标，较少的抑郁和焦虑症状以及较少的躯体症状。他们还使用了适当的以问题为中心的应对策略，表现出更高水平的 HRQOL 并表现出对社会支持的适当感知。尽管与照护环境和社会支持相关的特征对照护者的复原力产生不可否认的影响，但照护者自身的心理资源似乎显示出更强的相关性。
与临床实践的相关性：早期和准确地识别具有较低复原力的照顾者可以实施重要的心理和教育支持干预措施，以帮助照顾者改善他们的福祉。

关键词：适应、心理、生活质量、社会支持、抑郁、焦虑、自我概念