Using a comparative historical analysis of legislative transcripts and primary and secondary historical documents in Illinois and Michigan, we trace the adoption of a largely understudied form of monetary sanction: pay-to-stay fees. Pay-to-stay fees are financial commitments imposed by the state on incarcerated individuals for the day-to-day cost of their incarceration. Our study identified two mutually constitutive bureaucratic motivations for the adoption of these fees—austerity as the primary rationale and deservingness as a secondary rationale. This analysis highlights an earlier conceptualization of monetary sanctions as a means of revenue generation than has previously been explored. Our findings suggest that pay-to-stay fees originated in these states from broader debates about who is ultimately fiscally responsible for the welfare state and the soaring costs of maintaining the rehabilitative ideal. During periods of fiscal crisis, state legislators have consistently looked toward this type of monetary sanction as a means to fund the correctional system.

中文翻译：

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谁为福利国家买单？紧缩政策和作为创收的付费住宿费用的起源

通过对伊利诺伊州和密歇根州的立法记录和主要和次要历史文件的比较历史分析，我们追溯了一种在很大程度上未被研究的货币制裁形式的采用情况：付费住宿费。Pay-to-stay 费用是国家对被监禁个人强加的财务承诺，用于支付他们的日常监禁费用。我们的研究确定了采用这些费用的两个相互构成的官僚动机——紧缩是主要的理由，应得的理由是次要的理由。该分析强调了货币制裁作为创收手段的早期概念化，而不是之前的探索。我们的研究结果表明，付费住宿费用起源于这些州，源于关于谁最终对福利国家在财政上负责以及维持康复理想的成本飙升的更广泛辩论。在财政危机期间，州立法者一直将这种货币制裁视为为惩教系统提供资金的一种手段。