John Kenneth Galbraith, the US ambassador to India (1961–1963), once identified a paradox: India engages in a great deal of planning with very little planning capacity; in the United States, by contrast, there is relatively little planning, even though the nation has immense capacity (Galbraith, 1976). By “planning capacity,” Galbraith meant organizational capacity, political stability, legal structure, financial resources, technical know-how, and skilled human resources. In all these aspects, India lagged far behind the United States in the 1960s, and yet the nation engaged in extensive national planning of its economy, something that the United States deliberately rejected.

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查尔斯·霍奇（Charles Hoch）的实用主义与国际发展计划的相关性

美国驻印度大使约翰·肯尼斯·加布雷斯（John Kenneth Galbraith，1961-1963年）曾发现一个悖论：印度从事大量规划，规划能力却很少。相比之下，在美国，尽管国家的能力强大，但规划却相对较少（Galbraith，1976）。加尔布雷思（Galbraith）所说的“计划能力”是指组织能力，政治稳定性，法律结构，财务资源，技术知识和熟练的人力资源。在所有这些方面，印度在1960年代远远落后于美国，但印度却对其经济进行了广泛的国家计划，美国故意拒绝了这一点。