Resulting from stroke or brain injury, aphasia affects individuals’ ability to produce and comprehend language, but it also creates profound social changes, limiting individuals’ opportunities to communicate or to be seen as capable of communication. To address these challenges, the field of communicative sciences and disorders (CSD) has sought to ensure “communicative access” by reducing barriers to communication. This article, through an analysis of the communicative practices of participants in a memoir group for people with aphasia, develops a nuanced conception of communicative access as a process of negotiation across individuals and modes and not just as a process of reducing barriers. The study shows, specifically, that rather than the mere presence of multiple semiotic resources enabling communicative access, individuals enact access by flexibly shifting between modes to take advantage of various kinds of affordances that best suit their needs. This willingness to use modes in atypical or nonnormative ways importantly challenges the very idea of “normal” communication. The theory of communicative access developed in this article melds (a) a CSD understanding of communication as social and tied inextricably to identity with (b) a disability studies conception of access as an ongoing, negotiated process and with (c) a writing studies emphasis on literate, communicative activity as complexly layered, distributed, negotiated, and (multi)semiotic.

中文翻译：

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在实践中就交流机会进行谈判：针对失语症患者回忆录的研究

由中风或脑损伤导致的失语症会影响个人产生和理解语言的能力，但也会造成深刻的社会变化，限制个人进行交流或被视为具有交流能力的机会。为了应对这些挑战，传播科学与障碍领域（CSD）寻求通过减少交流障碍来确保“交流获取”。本文通过对失语症患者回忆录小组参与者的交流实践进行分析，提出了一种微妙的交流途径概念，它是跨个人和方式进行谈判的过程，而不仅仅是减少障碍的过程。这项研究特别表明，不仅仅是提供通信访问的多种符号资源的存在，个人通过在两种模式之间灵活切换来制定访问权限，以利用最适合他们需求的各种能力。这种以非典型或非规范方式使用模式的意愿，极大地挑战了“正常”交流的观念。本文开发的交流访问理论将（a）CSD对交流作为社会的理解并与身份认同紧密地联系在一起（b）残疾研究将访问概念视为一个持续的，经过谈判的过程，并且（c）重视写作研究在识字，交流活动上表现为复杂的分层，分布，协商和（多）符号化。这种以非典型或非规范方式使用模式的意愿，极大地挑战了“正常”交流的观念。本文开发的交流访问理论将（a）CSD对交流作为社会的理解并与身份认同紧密地联系在一起（b）残疾研究将访问概念视为一个持续的，经过谈判的过程，并且（c）重视写作研究在识字，交流活动上表现为复杂的分层，分布，协商和（多）符号化。这种以非典型或非规范方式使用模式的意愿，极大地挑战了“正常”交流的观念。本文开发的交流访问理论将（a）CSD对交流作为社会的理解并与身份认同紧密地联系在一起（b）残疾研究将访问概念视为一个持续的，经过谈判的过程，并且（c）重视写作研究在识字，交流活动上表现为复杂的分层，分布，协商和（多）符号化。