Interoception plays a key role in experiencing emotions, as it provides information about bodily arousal. Cardiac feedback manipulation proved to be a useful tool for exploring interoceptive processes. However, previous research showed inconclusive results on the influence of synchronous and false cardiac feedback on autonomic arousal. In the present study, we measured the influence of accelerated false cardiac feedback on participants' heart rate, respiratory rate and heart rate variability. Furthermore, we were interested in the modulatory effect of interoceptive accuracy measured by the Schandry task. Participants' ECG and respiratory rate were recorded during experimental task involving presentation of synchronous and false auditory cardiac feedback. Contrary to our assumption, false cardiac feedback elicited deceleration of heart rate and reduction of heart rate variability. Interoceptive accuracy had no effect on either variable. According to participant's reports, cardiac and the respiratory deceleration may come from down-regulatory responses to the distorted feedback.

中文翻译：

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虚假心脏反馈对觉醒自主神经标志物的影响

内感受在体验情绪中起着关键作用，因为它提供了有关身体唤醒的信息。心脏反馈操作被证明是探索内感受过程的有用工具。然而，先前的研究表明，同步和虚假心脏反馈对自主神经唤醒的影响尚无定论。在本研究中，我们测量了加速虚假心脏反馈对参与者心率、呼吸频率和心率变异性的影响。此外，我们对由 Schandry 任务测量的内感受精度的调节作用感兴趣。在涉及同步和虚假听觉心脏反馈呈现的实验任务期间记录参与者的心电图和呼吸频率。与我们的假设相反，错误的心脏反馈引起心率减慢和心率变异性降低。内感受准确度对任何一个变量都没有影响。根据参与者的报告，心脏和呼吸减速可能来自对扭曲反馈的下调反应。