Abstract Societal impact of research does not occur primarily as unexpected extraordinary incidents of particularly useful breakthroughs in science. It is more often a result of normal everyday interactions between organizations that need to create, exchange, and make use of new knowledge to further their goals. We use the distinctions between normal and extraordinary societal impact and between organizational- and individual-level activities and responsibilities to discuss how science–society relations can better be understood, evaluated, and improved by focusing on the organizations that typically interact in a specific domain of research.

中文翻译：

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正常与非凡的社会影响：如何理解，评估和改善研究活动与社会的关系？

摘要研究的社会影响并非主要发生在科学方面特别有用的突破性意外事件之外。这通常是组织之间日常正常互动的结果，这些组织需要创建，交流和利用新知识来实现​​其目标。我们利用正常和非正常社会影响之间以及组织和个人层面的活动与责任之间的区别来讨论如何通过关注通常在特定领域内相互作用的组织来更好地理解，评估和改善科学与社会的关系。研究。