Drawing on an original and unprecedented survey data set of 243 medium- and big sized firms operating in five sectors(energy, telecommunications, railways, airlines, and postal services) and across 29 European countries, we analyse what incentivizes firms to interact with and influence multiple regulators. In so doing, we map the regulatory opportunity structure and scrutinize firms’ venue shopping logics. The study shows that firms can clearly identify where the locus of political and regulatory competence lies and that they concentrate their activities at this level. In particular, the data shows that the national level is still the most important target level for regulatory representation. Regulatory venue shopping, the study illustrates, occurs when issues are highly salient, highly technical and when high stakes are involved. Notably, we show that firms tend to address more regulators in sectors characterized by higher international competitiveness to mitigate uncertainty when operating in multiple markets and facing rivalry from international competitors.

中文翻译：

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监管场所购物的逻辑：一家公司的视角

我们利用来自五个行业（能源、电信、铁路、航空公司和邮政服务）和 29 个欧洲国家的 243 家大中型企业的原始和前所未有的调查数据集，分析了激励企业互动和影响的因素多个监管机构。在这样做的过程中，我们绘制了监管机会结构并仔细审查了公司的场地购物逻辑。研究表明，公司可以清楚地确定政治和监管能力所在的位置，并将其活动集中在这一级别。尤其是数据显示，国家层面仍是监管代表性的最重要目标层面。研究表明，监管场所购物发生在问题高度突出、技术性强且涉及高风险时。尤其，