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A decision-congruent heuristic gives superior metacognitive sensitivity under realistic variance assumptions.
Psychological Review ( IF 5.4 ) Pub Date : 2020-03-19 , DOI: 10.1037/rev0000184
Kiyofumi Miyoshi 1 , Hakwan Lau 1
Affiliation  

Psychophysical studies on confidence construction are often grounded in bidimensional signal detection theory (SDT) and its relatives. However, these studies often stand on oversimplified assumptions of (a) bidimensional variance-equality and (b) bidimensional statistical independence. The present study simulated 2-alternative forced-choice and confidence rating performances, incorporating more empirically plausible variance-covariance structures. One prominent observation is that superior metacognitive accuracy can be achieved when one applies a heuristic in which the response-incongruent dimension of information is ignored. This is because such an heuristic takes advantage of the specific unequal-variance structure, which paradoxically cannot be easily exploited if both dimensions are evaluated together. Furthermore, under a variety of internal statistical structures, this simple heuristic predicts dissociations of objective decision and subjective metacognition, which have been empirically observed. Also, it provides a tentative account of some behavioral features of blindsight. Therefore, this surprisingly simple decision heuristic may inspire novel perspectives on metacognition and consciousness. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译:

在现实的方差假设下,决策一致的启发式方法提供了卓越的元认知敏感性。

关于信心构建的心理物理学研究通常以二维信号检测理论 (SDT) 及其相关理论为基础。然而,这些研究通常基于 (a) 二维方差相等和 (b) 二维统计独立性的过于简单化的假设。本研究模拟了 2-alternative 强制选择和信心评级表现,结合了更多经验上合理的方差 - 协方差结构。一个突出的观察结果是,当人们应用一种启发式方法时,可以实现卓越的元认知准确性,其中忽略了与响应不一致的信息维度。这是因为这种启发式方法利用了特定的不等方差结构,如果同时评估两个维度,则矛盾地不能轻易利用。此外,在各种内部统计结构下,这种简单的启发式预测客观决策和主观元认知的分离,这已被经验观察到。此外,它还对盲视的一些行为特征进行了初步说明。因此,这种令人惊讶的简单决策启发式方法可能会激发有关元认知和意识的新观点。(PsycINFO 数据库记录 (c) 2020 APA,保留所有权利)。
更新日期:2020-03-19
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