Decades of research document individual differences in prosocial behavior using controlled experiments that model social interactions in situations of interdependence. However, theoretical and empirical integration of the vast literature on the predictive validity of personality traits to account for these individual differences is missing. Here, we present a theoretical framework that identifies 4 broad situational affordances across interdependent situations (i.e., exploitation, reciprocity, temporal conflict, and dependence under uncertainty) and more specific subaffordances within certain types of interdependent situations (e.g., possibility to increase equality in outcomes) that can determine when, which, and how personality traits should be expressed in prosocial behavior. To test this framework, we meta-analyzed 770 studies reporting on 3,523 effects of 8 broad and 43 narrow personality traits on prosocial behavior in interdependent situations modeled in 6 commonly studied economic games (Dictator Game, Ultimatum Game, Trust Game, Prisoner's Dilemma, Public Goods Game, and Commons Dilemma). Overall, meta-analytic correlations ranged between -.18 ≤ ρ̂ ≤ .26, and most traits yielding a significant relation to prosocial behavior had conceptual links to the affordances provided in interdependent situations, most prominently the possibility for exploitation. Moreover, for several traits, correlations within games followed the predicted pattern derived from a theoretical analysis of affordances. On the level of traits, we found that narrow and broad traits alike can account for prosocial behavior, informing the bandwidth-fidelity problem. In sum, the meta-analysis provides a theoretical foundation that can guide future research on prosocial behavior and advance our understanding of individual differences in human prosociality. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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人格与亲社会行为：理论框架和荟萃分析。

数十年的研究使用在相互依存情况下对社会互动进行建模的受控实验，记录了亲社会行为的个体差异。但是，关于人格特质的预测有效性来解释这些个体差异的大量文献缺乏理论和经验的整合。在这里，我们提出了一个理论框架，该框架确定了在相互依存的情况下（即剥削，互惠，时间冲突和不确定性下的依赖）的四种广泛的情景承受能力，以及在某些类型的相互依存的情况下的更具体的亚能力（例如，提高结果平等的可能性） ），可以确定亲社会行为中何时，哪些以及如何表达人格特质。为了测试该框架，我们对770项针对3项报告的研究进行了荟萃分析，在六个常用的经济博弈模型（独裁者博弈，最后通Game博弈，信任博弈，囚徒困境，公共物品博弈和公共困境）中，在相互依存的情况下，八种宽广和43种狭窄的人格特质对亲社会行为的523种影响。总体而言，荟萃分析的相关性介于-.18≤ρ̂≤.26之间，并且大多数与亲社会行为产生显着关系的特征与在相互依赖的情况下提供的能力具有概念上的联系，最主要的是被剥削的可能性。此外，对于某些特质，博弈内的相关性遵循从可承受性理论分析得出的预测模式。在特质的水平上，我们发现窄特质和宽特质都可以解释亲社会行为，从而说明带宽保真度问题。总共，荟萃分析提供了理论基础，可以指导对亲社会行为的未来研究，并增进我们对人类亲社会个体差异的理解。（PsycINFO数据库记录（c）2019 APA，保留所有权利）。