This critical review elaborates on the origin of impulsive actions and how these can be controlled. We focus in particular on the role of negative events. First, we outline how impulsive actions often originate from negative events that are (emotionally) appraised. A discrepancy between this current state and a desired goal state leads to action tendencies. The urgency of the resulting action depends on the importance of the goal and the size of the discrepancy. Second, we discuss how such impulsive actions can be regulated or controlled e.g. by biasing competition between different options, or by completely suppressing all motor output. Importantly, such control mechanisms might also depend on emotional factors. To reconcile these findings, we present a coherent theoretical framework, taking into account various cognitive, affective, and motivational mechanisms as well as contextual factors that play a crucial role in the origin and control of impulsive actions.

中文翻译：

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阐明负面情绪在冲动行为的起源和控制中的作用

这篇批判性评论详细阐述了冲动行为的起源以及如何控制这些行为。我们特别关注负面事件的作用。首先，我们概述了冲动行为通常是如何从（情感上）评估的负面事件中产生的。当前状态与期望的目标状态之间的差异会导致行动倾向。结果行动的紧迫性取决于目标的重要性和差异的大小。其次，我们讨论如何调节或控制这种冲动行为，例如通过在不同选项之间偏置竞争，或通过完全抑制所有电机输出。重要的是，这种控制机制也可能取决于情绪因素。为了调和这些发现，我们提出了一个连贯的理论框架，考虑到各种认知、情感、