The aim of this paper is to present a theoretical and empirical overview of the hypothesis that patients’ behavior in psychotherapy can be understood as an expression of their efforts to disprove their pathogenic beliefs by testing them in the therapeutic relationship. According to Control–Mastery Theory (CMT; Gazzillo, 2016; Silberschatz, 2005; Weiss, 1986, 1994), psychopathology stems from unconscious pathogenic beliefs developed in response to early traumas. Pathogenic beliefs associate the achievement of healthy goals with a variety of unconsciously perceived dangers. Thanks to the inborn human motivation to adapt to reality and to the power of adaptive unconscious mental functioning, patients come to therapy with a unconscious plan to overcome their pathogenic beliefs by testing them with their therapists. Tests are consciously or unconsciously devised actions aimed at disproving pathogenic beliefs. CMT describes two broad categories of tests: transference tests and passive-into-active tests. Tests require specific responses from the therapist to be passed. When therapists pass patients’ tests, patients feel safer and may make therapeutic progress; when tests are failed, patients feel endangered and may get worse. Consistent with CMT assumptions, studies on testing have shown that a therapist passing a patient’s tests is associated with immediate positive effects on the patient, but more studies are needed.

中文翻译：

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患者在心理治疗中的无意识测试活动：理论和经验概述。

本文的目的是提出一个假设的理论和经验概述，即患者在心理治疗中的行为可以被理解为他们通过在治疗关系中测试他们来反驳他们的致病信念的努力的表达。根据控制-掌握理论（CMT；Gazzillo，2016 年；Silberschatz，2005 年；Weiss，1986 年，1994 年），精神病理学源于对早期创伤做出反应而形成的无意识致病信念。致病信念将健康目标的实现与各种无意识感知的危险联系起来。由于人类天生的适应现实的动机和适应性无意识心理功能的力量，患者带着无意识的计划来接受治疗，通过与治疗师一起测试来克服他们的致病信念。测试是有意或无意地设计的旨在反驳致病信念的行动。CMT 描述了两大类测试：移情测试和被动到主动测试。测试需要治疗师的特定反应才能通过。当治疗师通过患者的测试时，患者会感到更安全，并可能取得治疗进展；当测试失败时，患者会感到危险并且可能会变得更糟。与 CMT 的假设一致，对测试的研究表明，通过患者测试的治疗师与对患者的直接积极影响有关，但还需要更多的研究。当治疗师通过患者的测试时，患者会感到更安全，并可能取得治疗进展；当测试失败时，患者会感到危险并且可能会变得更糟。与 CMT 的假设一致，对测试的研究表明，通过患者测试的治疗师与对患者的直接积极影响有关，但还需要更多的研究。当治疗师通过患者的测试时，患者会感到更安全，并可能取得治疗进展；当测试失败时，患者会感到危险并且可能会变得更糟。与 CMT 的假设一致，对测试的研究表明，通过患者测试的治疗师与对患者的直接积极影响有关，但还需要更多的研究。