Research has found a meaningful income gap between males and females across several occupational settings, and this is also true within law enforcement. As more female workers enter the criminal justice system, it is important to revisit and update these patterns of gender inequality to account for the changing gender dynamics within this occupation. Using Current Population Survey data, we document the gender differences in pay among police over the past 28 years. Police officers experience income advantage compared with the general working population, but they also show a stable gender gap in pay. While this stable inequality is better than other public-sector jobs—which have experienced a growth in the gender pay gap—it represents a continued disadvantage for police women, despite the growing number of women working in law enforcement and the rules governing public-sector employment. We further decompose the gendered pattern in police pay by whether these individuals work for federal, state, or local agencies, and find that those working for state government show stark declines in the gender gap in pay while those working for local or federal agencies experience little to no change in this gender income inequality over time. We conclude with a discussion of the policy implications of our findings and directions for future research on gender inequality within law enforcement occupations.

中文翻译：

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警察收入与职业性别不平等

研究发现，在几种职业环境中，男女之间存在显着的收入差距，在执法部门中也是如此。随着越来越多的女工进入刑事司法系统，重要的是重新审视和更新这些性别不平等的模式，以说明这一职业中不断变化的性别动态。使用当前人口调查数据，我们记录了过去28年警察之间薪资的性别差异。与一般劳动人口相比，警务人员在收入方面具有优势，但他们在工资方面也表现出稳定的性别差距。尽管这种稳定的不平等状况比其他公共部门的工作要好，后者的性别薪酬差距有所增加，但对于警察女性而言，这仍然是一个不利因素，尽管从事执法工作的妇女人数和管理公共部门就业的规则有所增加。我们进一步根据这些人是否为联邦，州或地方机构工作来分解警察薪酬中的性别模式，并且发现为州政府工作的人在工资性别上的差距明显缩小，而为地方或联邦机构工作的人却很少受薪随着时间的推移，这种性别收入不平等状况不会改变。最后，我们讨论了我们的发现的政策含义以及今后对执法职业中性别不平等研究的方向。并发现，为州政府工作的人的工资性别差距明显下降，而为地方或联邦机构工作的人的性别收入不平等随着时间的推移几乎没有变化。最后，我们讨论了研究结果的政策含义和对未来执法职业中性别不平等研究的方向。并发现，为州政府工作的人的工资性别差距明显下降，而为地方或联邦机构工作的人的性别收入不平等随着时间的推移几乎没有变化。最后，我们讨论了研究结果的政策含义和对未来执法职业中性别不平等研究的方向。