In 2014, protests in Ferguson, Missouri (MO), and the subsequent law enforcement response, shined a light on police militarization—the adoption of military styles, equipment, and tactics within law enforcement. Since 1990, the U.S. Department of Defense has transferred excess military equipment to domestic law enforcement agencies via the federal 1033 program. This article examines transfers of mine-resistant ambush-protected vehicles or MRAPs. Designed to withstand explosive blasts during U.S. military occupations in Iraq and Afghanistan, surplus MRAPs have been shipped to more than 800 domestic law enforcement agencies. This article uses national data on law enforcement agencies and on 1033 program transfers to analyze the pattern of MRAP distribution. The results show that MRAPs are disproportionately acquired by agencies that have warrior tendencies and rely on asset forfeiture to generate revenue. This pattern of militarization is consistent with a model of governance that views citizens as both opportunities and threats.

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机构与警察军事化的相关性：MRAP案例

2014年，密苏里州弗格森（MO）的抗议活动以及随后的执法回应，为警察军事化提供了亮光-执法部门采用了军事风格，装备和战术。自1990年以来，美国国防部已通过联邦1033计划将多余的军事装备转移至国内执法机构。本文研究了防雷埋伏防护车辆或MRAP的转移。多余的MRAP旨在抵御美国在伊拉克和阿富汗的军事占领期间的爆炸，已运往800多个国内执法机构。本文使用有关执法机构和1033年计划转移的国家数据来分析MRAP分发的模式。结果表明，MRAP被具有战士倾向并依​​靠资产没收产生收入的机构不成比例地获得。这种军事化模式与将公民视为机遇和威胁的治理模式相一致。