Community participation remains central to development policy; but so do concerns that negotiations to achieve it have become a drill devoid of real meaning. Repeatedly, development interventions fail to unlock its presumed benefits: low-cost innovation, good governance and sustainability. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork with the Orangi Pilot Project (OPP) in Pakistan, a well-known case of organic community participation, this article demonstrates that the ability to buy consent in the case of donor-funded projects erodes the capacity for real community negotiations to take place. The article argues for closer study of cases such as OPP, known for their strong element of community embeddedness, to understand where things go wrong in aid-induced community participatory projects. It shows how constant negotiations within the community that allowed for the building of trust, the merging of local and technical knowledge, the trialling and adjustments of interventions, and patient lobbying of government officials and field staff are key to unlocking the real benefits of community participation and ensuring social accountability on the part of government agencies. The quick fixes encouraged under development projects, which normally rely on material incentives to generate co-operation, undermine these very principles leading to growing evidence of failure of aid-induced community participatory projects.

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购买同意书

社区参与仍然是发展政策的核心；但同样担心的是，实现这一目标的谈判已成为毫无实际意义的演习。发展干预一再未能释放其假定的好处：低成本创新、良好治理和可持续性。本文利用巴基斯坦 Orangi 试点项目 (OPP) 的人种学实地调查，这是一个著名的有机社区参与案例，表明在捐助者资助的项目中购买同意的能力削弱了真正社区谈判的能力发生。文章主张对 OPP 等案例进行更深入的研究，OPP 以其强大的社区嵌入元素而闻名，以了解在援助引发的社区参与项目中出现问题的地方。它展示了社区内的持续谈判如何建立信任、融合当地和技术知识、试验和调整干预措施以及政府官员和现场工作人员的耐心游说是释放社区参与真正好处的关键并确保政府机构承担社会责任。在开发项目中鼓励的快速解决方案，通常依赖物质激励来产生合作，破坏了这些原则，导致越来越多的证据表明援助引发的社区参与项目失败。政府官员和现场工作人员的耐心游说是释放社区参与的真正好处和确保政府机构承担社会责任的关键。在开发项目中鼓励的快速解决方案，通常依赖物质激励来产生合作，破坏了这些原则，导致越来越多的证据表明援助引发的社区参与项目失败。政府官员和现场工作人员的耐心游说是释放社区参与的真正好处和确保政府机构承担社会责任的关键。在开发项目中鼓励的快速解决方案，通常依赖物质激励来产生合作，破坏了这些原则，导致越来越多的证据表明援助引发的社区参与项目失败。