Abstract:From the outbreak of the French Revolution in 1789, historians, politicians, and even the interested public believed radical ideas to be at the bottom of this upheaval. Upstaged by social explanations, particularly in the first two-thirds of the twentieth century, intellectual accounts have regained prominence, as recent scholarship has reiterated that ideas mattered. But what ideas? This essay focuses on those ideas that became evident at and around the outbreak of the revolution in 1788–89. For this period, a new wave of scholarship emphasizes not the idea of equality but rather historic rights and patriotism. In these accounts, Enlightenment notions of natural law provided the central justification for radicalizing the revolution as the decade proceeded. Beyond patriotism and rights, this essay also examines other competing discourses, especially those that challenged the church.

中文翻译：

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思想史和法国大革命的起因

摘要：自 1789 年法国大革命爆发以来，历史学家、政治家甚至感兴趣的公众都认为激进的思想是这场动荡的根源。在社会解释的推动下，尤其是在 20 世纪前三分之二，知识分子重新获得了突出地位，因为最近的学术研究重申了思想的重要性。但什么想法？这篇文章的重点是那些在 1788-89 年革命爆发时及前后变得明显的想法。在这一时期，新一波学术浪潮强调的不是平等观念，而是历史权利和爱国主义。在这些描述中，启蒙运动的自然法概念为随着十年的进行而激进化革命提供了核心理由。除了爱国主义和权利之外，本文还考察了其他相互竞争的话语，