A holistic and relational approach to landscape amplifies understandings of the complexities of human–environment relationships. This article examines ecological and social aspects of landscape at the ancient Maya city of Aventura, Belize, in the context of relational ontologies. The city of Aventura is enmeshed with microenvironments known as pocket bajos, and I argue that pocket bajos defy categorization as natural or cultural. By exploring their spatial context, material content, and associated activities that create cosmological connections, I demonstrate that the pocket bajos were active social agents in the construction of the city and the maintenance of community. The relations that people living at Aventura established with pocket bajos highlight the interconnectedness of humans with the environment, and this approach avoids projecting current-day Western categories of nature and culture onto the past.

整体和相关的景观方法可以加深对人与环境关系复杂性的理解。本文在关系本体论的背景下研究了伯利兹玛雅古代城市玛雅图拉的景观的生态和社会方面。阿文图拉（Aventura）市充满着被称为“口袋巴约”的微环境，我认为“口袋巴约”无视自然或文化的分类。通过探索它们的空间背景，物质内容以及与之建立宇宙联系的相关活动，我证明了袋式巴霍是城市建设和社区维护中的活跃社会主体。住在Aventura的人们与口袋巴霍建立的关系 强调人与环境的相互联系，这种方法避免将当今的西方自然和文化范畴投射到过去。