Objectives: To test the independent links between social support that exists prior to and during confinement with support after release for adult males incarcerated for an average of 11 months in the Netherlands. Methods: Longitudinal data from a large study on consequences of confinement, the Prison Project, are used to describe instrumental (live with) and expressive (core network) support before and after confinement from four sources (parent, partner, other family, friend) and during-confinement visits by the same groups. Multiequation models examine the contribution of preconfinement support and visits to postconfinement support, while also describing the interrelationship of support sources. Results: Preconfinement support is consistently related to receiving the same type after release. Receiving visits during confinement has a unique relationship with receiving postconfinement expressive support across all relational groups. Only visits from partners has an additional influence on instrumental support after release. Postconfinement support across provider groups is interrelated, with a positive correlation across providers for expressive support and a substitution effect for instrumental support between parents and partners. Conclusions: After controlling for important preconfinement differences in support, visits remain significantly related to postconfinement expressive support, suggesting a possible mechanism by which visits help improve reentry outcomes.

中文翻译：

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短期分娩后获得社会支持：分娩前和分娩期间的支持方式如何

目的：测试在荷兰平均被囚禁11个月的成年男性，在分娩之前和期间以及在分娩之后的社会支持之间存在独立的联系。方法：使用来自监狱后果的大型研究的纵向数据（监狱项目）来描述来自四个来源（父母，伴侣，其他家庭，朋友）的监狱解禁前后的工具性（同住）和表达性（核心网络）支持以及同一小组的禁闭期间访问。多方程模型检查了约束前支持和访问对约束后支持的贡献，同时还描述了支持源之间的相互关系。结果：约束前支持与释放后获得相同类型始终相关。在分娩期间接受探视与在所有关系群体中获得分娩后表达支持有着独特的关系。发布后，只有合作伙伴的访问才能对工具支持产生其他影响。提供者群体之间的分娩后支持是相互关联的，提供者之间的表达支持之间存在正相关，而父母和伴侣之间的工具支持则具有替代作用。结论：在控制了重要的约束前限制后，探访仍然与约束后表达支持显着相关，这表明探访有助于改善折返结果的可能机制。发布后，只有合作伙伴的访问才能对工具支持产生其他影响。提供者群体之间的分娩后支持是相互关联的，提供者之间的表达支持之间存在正相关，而父母和伴侣之间的工具支持则具有替代作用。结论：在控制了限制前的重要局限性差异之后，探视仍然与约束后表达支持显着相关，这表明探视有助于改善折返结果的可能机制。发布后，只有合作伙伴的访问才能对工具支持产生其他影响。提供者群体之间的分娩后支持是相互关联的，提供者之间的表达支持之间存在正相关，而父母和伴侣之间的工具支持则具有替代作用。结论：在控制了重要的约束前限制后，探访仍然与约束后表达支持显着相关，这表明探访有助于改善折返结果的可能机制。