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Unravelling deservingness: Which criteria do people use to judge the relative deservingness of welfare target groups? A vignette-based focus group study
Journal of European Social Policy ( IF 2.536 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-17 , DOI: 10.1177/0958928720905285
Jan-Ocko Heuer 1 , Katharina Zimmermann 2
Affiliation  

Previous research suggests that European citizens share consistent attitudes towards the relative deservingness of different target groups of social policy, such as perceiving elderly people as most deserving, unemployed people as less deserving and immigrants as least deserving. Yet, it is unclear which criteria people apply when making these judgements. In this article, we explore the reasoning behind deservingness judgements. We analyse how four focus groups – from the middle class, the working class, young people and elderly people – discuss and rank various vignettes representing welfare target groups. Our focus groups’ rankings mirror the well-established rank order of welfare target groups, and we also introduce further target groups: median-income families, low-income earners, and well-off earners. Our analyses of reasoning patterns show that depending on the target group specific combinations of deservingness criteria suggested in the literature (e.g. need, reciprocity, identity, control) are applied, and we suggest adding a further criterion emphasizing future returns on invested resources (‘social investment’). Furthermore, by comparing focus groups, we find that different groups back up similar rankings by differing criteria, suggesting that below the surface of a ‘common deservingness culture’ linger class and other differences in perceiving welfare deservingness.

中文翻译:

揭开应得性:人们使用哪些标准来判断福利目标群体的相对应得性?基于小插图的焦点小组研究

先前的研究表明,欧洲公民对社会政策的不同目标群体的相对应得程度持一贯的态度,例如,将老年人视为最应得的,将失业者视为应得的,将移民视为应得的。但是,尚不清楚人们在做出这些判断时会采用哪些标准。在本文中,我们探讨了应得性判断背后的原因。我们分析了来自中产阶级,工人阶级,年轻人和老年人的四个焦点小组如何讨论和排列代表福利目标群体的各种观点。我们的焦点小组排名反映了已确立的福利目标群体的排名顺序,我们还介绍了其他目标群体:中等收入家庭,低收入者和小康者。我们对推理模式的分析表明,根据目标群体的不同,可以采用文献中建议的应得标准的特定组合(例如,需求,互惠,认同,控制),并且建议添加进一步的标准,以强调投资资源的未来回报(“社会”投资')。此外,通过比较焦点小组,我们发现不同的小组通过不同的标准来支持相似的排名,这表明在“共同应得文化”的表象之下徘徊着阶级,以及在感知福利应得性方面的其他差异。并且我们建议添加进一步的标准,强调未来投资资源(“社会投资”)的回报。此外,通过比较焦点小组,我们发现不同的小组通过不同的标准来支持相似的排名,这表明在“共同应得文化”的表象之下徘徊着阶级,以及在感知福利应得性方面的其他差异。并且我们建议添加进一步的标准,强调未来投资资源(“社会投资”)的回报。此外,通过比较焦点小组,我们发现不同的小组通过不同的标准来支持相似的排名,这表明在“共同应得文化”的表象之下徘徊着阶级,以及在感知福利应得性方面的其他差异。
更新日期:2020-06-17
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