Policing, in its various forms and dimensions, has indelible and complex connections to public health. The conventional functions of policing—promoting social order, security, and crime prevention—are animated by many issues easily framed by a public health lens (e.g., forms of violence, mental illnesses, drug abuse, homelessness). Policing with a crime control focus can make public health worse by criminalizing vulnerable people and undermining access to health and harm reduction resources. Conversely, policing with a health focus can help link vulnerable people to treatment and recovery-oriented resources. Recognizing these connections, researchers have largely focused on the public health effects of policing by the public police, and practitioners have worked to transform the public police with population health in mind. This article suggests that although this focus on transforming the public police is necessary to the advancement of public health, it neglects to understand connections between private policing and public health. This conceptual article argues for the need to widen our focus beyond the public police when exploring policing’s relationship to public health. This expanded view, I suggest, is important to discovering the ways in which the health vulnerabilities of people and places may be compromised by different policing mentalities and practices. At the same time, it may provide clues about ways in which policing beyond the police might creatively and virtuously promote public health.

中文翻译：

---

私人警务与公共卫生：被忽视的关系

各种形式和维度的警务工作与公共卫生有着不可磨灭的复杂联系。维持治安的传统职能——促进社会秩序、安全和预防犯罪——受到许多容易被公共卫生镜头（例如，暴力形式、精神疾病、药物滥用、无家可归者）框定的问题的推动。以犯罪控制为重点的警务可能会将弱势人群定为刑事犯罪并破坏获得健康和减少危害资源的机会，从而使公共健康状况恶化。相反，以健康为重点的警务有助于将弱势群体与治疗和康复资源联系起来。认识到这些联系后，研究人员主要关注公共警察维持治安对公共健康的影响，而从业人员则致力于在考虑人口健康的情况下改造公共警察。本文认为，虽然这种对公共警察转型的关注对于促进公共卫生是必要的，但它忽略了理解私人警务与公共卫生之间的联系。这篇概念性文章认为，在探索警务与公共卫生的关系时，需要将我们的关注点扩大到公共警察之外。我认为，这种扩展的观点对于发现不同的警务心态和做法可能损害人和地方的健康脆弱性的方式很重要。同时，它可以提供有关警察以外的警务如何创造性地、良性地促进公共健康的线索。它忽略了理解私人警务和公共卫生之间的联系。这篇概念性文章认为，在探索警务与公共卫生的关系时，需要将我们的关注点扩大到公共警察之外。我认为，这种扩展的观点对于发现不同的警务心态和做法可能损害人和地方的健康脆弱性的方式很重要。同时，它可以提供有关警察以外的警务如何创造性地、良性地促进公共健康的线索。它忽略了理解私人警务和公共卫生之间的联系。这篇概念性文章认为，在探索警务与公共卫生的关系时，需要将我们的关注点扩大到公共警察之外。我认为，这种扩展的观点对于发现不同的警务心态和做法可能损害人和地方的健康脆弱性的方式很重要。同时，它可以提供有关警察以外的警务如何创造性地、良性地促进公共健康的线索。对于发现不同的警务心态和做法可能损害人和地方的健康脆弱性的方式很重要。同时，它可能会提供有关警察以外的警务如何创造性地、良性地促进公共卫生的线索。对于发现不同的警务心态和做法可能损害人和地方的健康脆弱性的方式很重要。同时，它可以提供有关警察以外的警务如何创造性地、良性地促进公共健康的线索。