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Crows (Corvus corone ssp.) check contingency in a mirror yet fail the mirror-mark test.
Journal of Comparative Psychology ( IF 1.4 ) Pub Date : 2020-05-01 , DOI: 10.1037/com0000195
Lisa-Claire Vanhooland , Thomas Bugnyar , Jorg J. M. Massen

Mirror reflections can elicit various behavioral responses ranging from social behavior, which suggests that an animal treats its own reflection as a conspecific, to mirror-guided self-directed behaviors, which appears to be an indication for mirror self-recognition (MSR). MSR is scarcely spread in the animal kingdom. Until recently, only great apes, dolphins, and elephants had successfully passed this test. The range of convergence was, however, expanded by an avian species, the Eurasian magpie (Pica pica). Efforts to find MSR in other corvid species have so far failed, and with only a few studies conducted, the cause of these discrepancies is difficult to identify. In the present study, we examined the responses to mirrors and the ability of MSR in hitherto untested species: the carrion and hooded crows (Corvus corone ssp.). These crows showed a pronounced and lasting interest in the mirror; unlike many species, they did not exhibit social behaviors on their first encounters but immediately started investigating the mirror. Some crows showed contingent behaviors in front of the mirror, but none of the crows showed significant mirror-guided self-directed behaviors nor mark-directed behavior during the subsequent mark test. This lack of mark-directed behavior could not be explained by a lack of interest in the mirror nor in the mark. These findings could indicate that crows lack a concept of self, or the need for other means of investigating self-recognition and self-awareness in avian species. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译:

乌鸦(Corvus corone ssp。)检查镜中的应变,但未通过镜印测试。

镜面反射可以引起各种行为反应,从社会行为(表明动物将其反射视为同种行为)到镜面引导的自我指导的行为,这似乎是镜面自我识别(MSR)的指示。MSR很少在动物界传播。直到最近,只有大猿,海豚和大象才成功通过了这项测试。然而,收敛的范围因鸟类物种欧亚喜(Pica pica)而扩大。迄今为止,在其他Corvid物种中发现MSR的努力均告失败,仅进行了少量研究,就很难确定这些差异的原因。在本研究中,我们检查了迄今未经测试的物种(腐肉和带帽乌鸦(Corvus corone ssp。))对镜子的反应和MSR的能力。这些乌鸦对镜子表现出了持久的兴趣。与许多物种不同,它们在初次相遇时并未表现出社交行为,而是立即开始调查镜子。一些乌鸦在镜子前表现出偶然的行为,但是在随后的标记测试中,没有一只乌鸦表现出显着的镜子引导的自指示行为或标记指示的行为。缺乏标记导向的行为不能通过对镜子和标记缺乏兴趣来解释。这些发现可能表明乌鸦缺乏自我概念,或需要其他方法调查鸟类物种的自我认知和自我意识。(PsycINFO数据库记录(c)2019 APA,保留所有权利)。他们在初次相遇时没有表现出社交行为,但立即开始调查镜子。一些乌鸦在镜子前表现出偶然的行为,但是在随后的标记测试中,没有一只乌鸦表现出显着的镜子引导的自指示行为或标记指示的行为。缺乏标记导向的行为不能通过对镜子和标记缺乏兴趣来解释。这些发现可能表明乌鸦缺乏自我概念,或需要其他方法调查鸟类物种的自我认知和自我意识。(PsycINFO数据库记录(c)2019 APA,保留所有权利)。他们在初次相遇时没有表现出社交行为,但立即开始调查镜子。一些乌鸦在镜子前表现出偶然的行为,但是在随后的标记测试中,没有一只乌鸦表现出显着的镜子引导的自指示行为或标记指示的行为。缺乏标记导向的行为不能通过对镜子和标记缺乏兴趣来解释。这些发现可能表明乌鸦缺乏自我概念,或需要其他方法调查鸟类物种的自我认知和自我意识。(PsycINFO数据库记录(c)2019 APA,保留所有权利)。但是在随后的标记测试中,没有一只乌鸦表现出明显的镜面引导自指示行为或标记指示行为。缺乏标记导向的行为不能通过对镜子和标记缺乏兴趣来解释。这些发现可能表明乌鸦缺乏自我概念,或需要其他方法调查鸟类物种的自我认知和自我意识。(PsycINFO数据库记录(c)2019 APA,保留所有权利)。但是在随后的标记测试中,没有一只乌鸦表现出明显的镜面引导自指示行为或标记指示行为。缺乏标记导向的行为不能通过对镜子和标记缺乏兴趣来解释。这些发现可能表明乌鸦缺乏自我概念,或需要其他方法调查鸟类物种的自我认知和自我意识。(PsycINFO数据库记录(c)2019 APA,保留所有权利)。
更新日期:2020-05-01
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