One of the challenges of collaboration is to coordinate decisions with others, and recent theories have proposed that humans, in particular, evolved skills to address this challenge. To test this hypothesis, we compared the coordination abilities of 4-year-old children and chimpanzees with a simple coordination problem. To retrieve a reward from a "puzzle box," pairs of individuals were simply required to choose the same 1 of 4 options. If successful, they each received the same reward, so there were no conflicts of interest. Individuals were paired with multiple partners over time. Both species were able to coordinate, but there were marked differences in the way they did so. Children were able to coordinate quickly and flexibly, adjusting easily to new partners, suggesting an understanding of the coordination process. In contrast, chimpanzees took time to converge on a single solution with each new partner, with no gains across partners, suggesting that their coordination was based only on repeating successful past choices. Together, these results support the hypothesis that humans have evolved unique skills for coordinating decisions and actions with others in the pursuit of common interests. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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黑猩猩（盘尾猿）和儿童（智人）使用的策略来解决简单的协调问题。

协作的挑战之一是与其他人协调决策，并且最近的理论提出，尤其是人类，已经发展出应对这一挑战的技能。为了验证该假设，我们将4岁儿童和黑猩猩的协调能力与一个简单的协调问题进行了比较。为了从“拼图盒”中获得奖励，只需要成对的个人选择4个选项中的相同选项即可。如果成功，他们每个人都会获得相同的奖励，因此不会有利益冲突。随着时间的推移，个人与多个伙伴配对。两种物种都能够协调，但是它们的协调方式却存在明显差异。孩子们能够快速灵活地进行协调，轻松适应新的伴侣，这表明他们对协调过程有所了解。相反，黑猩猩花了一些时间与每个新的合作伙伴融合在一个解决方案上，而合作伙伴之间却没有收获，这表明黑猩猩的协调仅基于重复过去的成功选择。总之，这些结果支持以下假设：人类已经发展了独特的技能，可以与其他人协调决策和行动以追求共同利益。（PsycInfo数据库记录（c）2020 APA，保留所有权利）。