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Replication of the mirror mark test experiment in the magpie (Pica pica) does not provide evidence of self-recognition.
Journal of Comparative Psychology ( IF 1.4 ) Pub Date : 2020-05-14 , DOI: 10.1037/com0000223
Manuel Soler , José Manuel Colmenero , Tomás Pérez-Contreras , Juan Manuel Peralta-Sánchez

Self-recognition in animals is demonstrated when individuals pass the mark test. Formerly, it was thought that self-recognition was restricted to humans, great apes, and certain mammals with large brains and highly evolved social cognition. However, 1 study showed that 2 out of 5 magpies (Pica pica) passed the mark test, suggesting that magpies have a similar level of cognitive abilities to great apes. The scientific advancement depends on confidence in published science, and this confidence can be reached only after rigorous replication of published studies. Here, we present a close replication of the magpie study but using a larger sample size while following a very similar experimental protocol. Like the previous study, in our experiment, magpies showed both social and self-directed behavior more frequently in front of the mirror versus a control cardboard stimulus. However, during the mark test, self-directed behavior proved more frequent in front of the cardboard than in the mirror. Thus, our replication failed to confirm the previous results. Close replications, while not disproving an earlier study, identify results that should be considered with caution. Therefore, more replication studies and additional experimental work is needed to unambiguously demonstrate that magpies are consistently able to pass the mark test. The existence of compelling evidence of self-recognition in other corvid species is discussed in depth. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译:

在喜((Pica pica)中复制镜像测试实验无法提供自我识别的证据。

当个体通过标记测试时,就证明了在动物中的自我识别。以前,人们认为自我识别仅限于人类,大猿类以及某些具有大大脑和高度发展的社会认知的哺乳动物。但是,一项研究表明,五分之二的喜pies(Pica pica)通过了标记测试,这表明喜pies具有与大猿相似的认知能力。科学的进步取决于对已发表科学的信心,只有在严格复制已发表研究之后才能达到这种信心。在这里,我们提出了喜study研究的一个近似复制品,但是在遵循非常相似的实验方案的同时使用了较大的样本量。与之前的研究一样,在我们的实验中,喜pies在镜子前比对照纸板刺激更频繁地表现出社交和自我指导的行为。但是,在标记测试期间,事实证明,在硬纸板前面的自发行为比在镜子前的行为更为频繁。因此,我们的复制无法确认先前的结果。仔细复制,但不能反驳较早的研究,但要确定应谨慎考虑的结果。因此,需要更多的复制研究和额外的实验工作来明确证明喜pies始终能够通过标记测试。深入讨论了其他Corvid物种中令人信服的自我识别证据的存在。(PsycInfo数据库记录(c)2020 APA,保留所有权利)。事实证明,自我指导的行为在硬纸板前比在镜子前更为频繁。因此,我们的复制无法确认先前的结果。仔细复制,但不能反驳较早的研究,但应确定应谨慎考虑的结果。因此,需要更多的复制研究和额外的实验工作来明确证明喜pies始终如一地能够通过标记测试。深入讨论了其他Corvid物种中令人信服的自我识别证据的存在。(PsycInfo数据库记录(c)2020 APA,保留所有权利)。事实证明,自我指导的行为在硬纸板前比在镜子前更为频繁。因此,我们的复制无法确认先前的结果。仔细复制,但不能反驳较早的研究,但应确定应谨慎考虑的结果。因此,需要更多的复制研究和额外的实验工作来明确证明喜pies始终能够通过标记测试。深入讨论了其他Corvid物种中令人信服的自我识别证据的存在。(PsycInfo数据库记录(c)2020 APA,保留所有权利)。需要更多的复制研究和其他实验工作来明确证明喜始终能够通过标记测试。深入讨论了其他Corvid物种中令人信服的自我识别证据的存在。(PsycInfo数据库记录(c)2020 APA,保留所有权利)。需要更多的复制研究和其他实验工作来明确证明喜始终能够通过标记测试。深入讨论了其他Corvid物种中令人信服的自我识别证据的存在。(PsycInfo数据库记录(c)2020 APA,保留所有权利)。
更新日期:2020-05-14
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