The study of personality in nonhuman primates has increased substantially, but most studies so far have been conducted with captive animals. In addition, few studies investigated the personality of Neotropical (Platyrrhini) monkeys. If we aim at investigating the ecological and social significance of personality in nonhuman primates, conducting studies of wild populations and covering a wide range of taxa is essential. In this study, we analyzed the personality structure of a wild group of Neotropical monkeys, the yellow-breasted capuchin (Sapajus xanthosternos). We adopted two widespread methods: trait rating, using the Hominoid Personality Questionnaire, and behavioral coding, analyzing 13 behaviors and 3 derived variables. We described 3 traits with trait rating, labeled Openness-Neuroticism, Assertiveness, and Attentiveness-Sociability. We also described 3 traits with behavioral coding, labeled Prosociality, Aggressiveness, and Reactivity to Humans. Comparing both methods we found not only broad convergences between the structures obtained (e.g., both showed prosocial and aggressive traits) but also some differences (e.g., Openness-Neuroticism was not clearly defined with behavioral coding), concluding that combining both methods provided complementary findings. Some socioecological variables seem to influence the expression of personality in captive versus wild living monkeys. For example, in our study, assertive individuals were more vigilant, whereas in the studies in captivity, neurotic individuals were more vigilant. These questions highlight the need for more research in wild conditions and enlarging the number of species and populations studied. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

---

使用特质评级和行为编码来评估野生卷尾猴（Sapajus xanthosternos）的人格结构。

对非人类灵长类动物性格的研究已大大增加，但迄今为止，大多数研究都是针对圈养动物进行的。此外，很少有研究调查新热带猴（Platyrrhini）的性格。如果我们旨在调查非人类灵长类动物中人格的生态和社会意义，那么对野生种群进行研究并涵盖广泛的分类单元至关重要。在这项研究中，我们分析了一组新热带猴，即黄胸卷尾猴（Sapajus xanthosternos）的人格结构。我们采用了两种广泛的方法：特质等级（使用类人格问卷）和行为编码，分析13种行为和3个衍生变量。我们用特质等级描述了3个特质，分别标记为开放性，神经质，自信和专心性。我们还用行为编码描述了3个特征，分别标记为“亲密”，“攻击性”和“对人类的反应性”。比较这两种方法，我们不仅发现所获得的结构之间存在广泛的融合（例如，都表现出亲社会和攻击性特征），而且还存在一些差异（例如，行为编码未明确定义“开放性-神经症”），结论是两种方法的组合提供了互补的发现。 。一些社会生态学变量似乎会影响圈养和野生活猴的性格表达。例如，在我们的研究中，自信的个体更加警惕，而在圈养的研究中，神经质的个体更加警惕。这些问题凸显了在野外条件下进行更多研究的必要性，并增加了所研究物种和种群的数量。