Humans use eye- and head-gaze cues to facilitate social interactions among members of their own species. Research examining nonhuman animal-to-human cueing effects has received little attention, but may provide valuable insight into the mechanisms that have enabled species to coexist and thrive in shared environments. The objective of the current studies was to determine how gaze cues influence the attention and target detection of humans when they view images of mammals (human, orangutan, and dog; Experiment 1) and aves (owl, macaw parrot, and duck; Experiment 2). Participants were presented with an image of a forward-facing head that was suddenly replaced with an image of the head facing to the left or right, creating an apparent head rotation and change of orientation. A target appeared randomly on the left or right side of the head-gaze cue after 1 of 4 stimulus-onset asynchronies (SOAs; 100, 300, 600, or 1,000 ms). Participants were asked to indicate the location of the target by pressing a spatially corresponding key. The analysis of response times (RTs) revealed facilitatory cueing effects (RTs to cued targets were shorter than to uncued targets) across all SOAs in Experiment 1 (images of mammals). Such facilitatory cueing effects were only present at short SOAs (i.e., 100 and 300 ms) in Experiment 2 (images of aves). These findings provide initial evidence that the processing of gaze cues observed during human-to-human interactions is similar to that observed during mammal-to-human interactions, but is different in aves-to-human interactions. Alternative interpretations of the data are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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当人类（智人）查看哺乳动物（哺乳动物）和鸟类（ave）的图像时，提示效果就会出现。

人类使用视线和视线提示来促进自己物种成员之间的社交互动。研究非人类动物对人类提示作用的研究很少受到关注，但可能为使物种在共享环境中共存和and壮成长的机制提供有价值的见解。当前研究的目的是确定凝视提示如何影响人们在观看哺乳动物（人，猩猩和狗；实验1）和aves（猫头鹰，金刚鹦鹉，鹦鹉和鸭）的图像时对注意力和目标检测的影响。 ）。向参与者展示了一个向前的头部的图像，该图像突然被替换为朝向左侧或右侧的头部的图像，从而产生了明显的头部旋转和方向改变。在4次刺激发作异步（SOA; 100、300、600或1,000 ms）中的1次后，目标随机出现在凝视提示的左侧或右侧。要求参与者通过按空间上对应的键来指示目标的位置。对响应时间（RTs）的分析显示，实验1中所有SOA的促进性提示效果（对提示目标的RTs短于未提示目标的RTs）（哺乳动物的图像）。这种便利的提示效果仅在实验2（aves图像）的短SOA（即100和300 ms）时出现。这些发现提供了最初的证据，即人与人之间的互动过程中观察到的凝视提示的处理与哺乳动物与人之间的互动过程中观察到的相似，但在人与人之间的互动中却有所不同。讨论了数据的替代解释。