Metacognition refers to the ability to monitor one's own mental states. In the current study, we investigate whether domesticated dogs (Canis familiaris) and nondomesticated dingoes (Canis dingo) demonstrate metacognition by seeking information to remedy their own ignorance. In 2 studies, we used a naturalistic information-seeking paradigm in which subjects observed a human experimenter hiding a food reward behind an apparatus. Subjects could seek information by looking through a central window-like section of the apparatus to see where the reward was hidden. In Study 1, we tested whether dogs and dingoes were willing to seek information when interacting with the apparatus, finding that both species readily sought information when it was available to them. Study 2 provided a direct test of whether dogs and dingoes would seek information to rectify their own ignorance. We found evidence that both dogs and dingoes sought out information and were more likely do so when they did not already know where the treat was hidden. These results provide additional evidence suggesting that domesticated dogs seek information in the face of ignorance, as well as the first evidence of similar behavior in a nondomesticated canid. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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狗科动物的元认知：狗（犬种）和野狗（犬种）的比较。

元认知是指监视自己的心理状态的能力。在当前的研究中，我们调查了家养的狗（犬似犬）和非驯狗的犬（犬成犬）是否通过寻求信息来弥补其自身的无知表现出元认知。在2项研究中，我们使用了一种自然主义的信息寻求范式，在该范式中，受试者观察到一个人类实验者将食物奖励藏在装置后面。受试者可以通过查看设备的中央窗口状部分来查看信息，以了解奖励的隐藏位置。在研究1中，我们测试了狗和野狗与设备互动时是否愿意寻求信息，发现这两种物种都可以在信息可供获取时随时寻求信息。研究2直接检验了狗和野狗是否会寻求信息来纠正自己的无知。我们发现有证据表明，狗和野狗都在寻找信息，并且在他们不知道隐藏在何处的情况下更有可能这样做。这些结果提供了其他证据，表明驯养的狗面对无知时会寻求信息，以及非驯养犬类中类似行为的第一个证据。（PsycInfo数据库记录（c）2020 APA，保留所有权利）。以及非驯养犬类中类似行为的第一个证据。（PsycInfo数据库记录（c）2020 APA，保留所有权利）。以及非驯养犬类中类似行为的第一个证据。（PsycInfo数据库记录（c）2020 APA，保留所有权利）。