Design thinking—at times described as a mind-set, practice, process, method, methodology, tool, heuristic, and more—is a productive, iterative approach used to engage divergent thinking. Often made up of stages incorporating empathy, definition, ideation, prototyping, and testing, design thinking provides a framework for identifying and approaching problems. Design thinking, however, generally lacks a critical–rhetorical–methodological structure that makes room for what Rebecca Burnett called “substantive conflict,” or “conflict that deals with critical issues of content and rhetorical elements.” This article situates design thinking across the professional and academic spaces in which it is heralded and implemented in order to explore how it can be used in collaborative contexts to support substantive, productive dissensus. The authors lean on the ways in which they engage in design thinking in their different roles to situate the good, the bad, and the ugly of design thinking. They conclude by suggesting a rhetorical methodology for cultivating design thinking that facilitates dissensus, addresses resistance, and considers ideological variables.

中文翻译：

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分歧、抵抗和意识形态：设计思维作为一种修辞方法

设计思维——有时被描述为一种思维定势、实践、过程、方法、方法论、工具、启发式等等——是一种富有成效的迭代方法，用于参与发散思维。通常由包含同理心、定义、构思、原型设计和测试的阶段组成，设计思维提供了识别和解决问题的框架。然而，设计思维通常缺乏一种批判-修辞-方法结构，为丽贝卡·伯内特所说的“实质性冲突”或“处理内容和修辞元素的关键问题的冲突”腾出空间。本文将设计思维置于其倡导和实施的专业和学术空间中，以探索如何在协作环境中使用它来支持实质性的、富有成效的分歧。作者依靠他们在不同角色中参与设计思维的方式来定位设计思维的好、坏和丑陋。他们最后提出了一种修辞方法来培养设计思维，以促进分歧、解决阻力并考虑意识形态变量。