Low income and low educational attainment are among the strongest predictors of both smoking prevalence and lapse (i.e., return) to smoking after cessation attempts. Treatment refinement is limited by inadequate knowledge of the specific lapse- or relapse-relevant vulnerabilities characteristic of populations that should be the target of treatment. In the context of a randomized clinical trial design, we describe an experimental medicine approach for evaluating the role of 2 specific lapse-relevant targets relative to the higher stress characteristic of low-socioeconomic contexts: low distress tolerance and low working memory capacity. Furthermore, we use an innovative approach for understanding risk of smoking lapse in smokers undergoing a quit attempt to examine candidate mechanistic targets assessed not only during nicotine use, but also during the conditions smokers will face upon a cessation attempt-during stressful nicotine-deprivation windows. This study is designed to show the incremental value of assessments during deprivation windows, in part because of the way in which specific vulnerabilities are modified by, and interact with, the heightened stress and withdrawal symptoms inherent to nicotine-deprivation states. Specifically, the study is designed to evaluate whether a novel mindfulness intervention (mindfulness combined with interoceptive exposure) can improve upon existing mindfulness interventions and extend therapeutic gains to the modification of mechanistic targets assessed in high-stress or negative affectivity contexts. The overall goal is to validate mechanistic targets and associated interventions for the purpose of expanding treatment options for at-risk smokers. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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一项参与窘迫耐受和工作记忆的随机对照试验方案，以帮助处于低社会经济地位（SES）的成年人戒烟。

低收入和低学历是戒烟尝试后吸烟率和吸烟率（即返回）的最强预测指标。由于对应该作为治疗目标的人群特定的与复发或复发相关的脆弱性的了解不足，因此无法完善治疗方法。在随机临床试验设计的背景下，我们描述了一种实验医学方法，用于相对于低社会经济背景下的较高压力特征来评估2个特定的与失眠相关的目标的作用：低痛苦容忍度和低工作记忆能力。此外，我们使用一种创新的方法来了解正在戒烟的吸烟者吸烟失败的风险，以检查不仅在尼古丁使用期间评估的候选机械指标，而且在这种情况下，吸烟者在紧张的尼古丁剥夺窗口期间将面临戒烟尝试。本研究旨在显示剥夺窗口期间评估的增量价值，部分原因是尼古丁剥夺状态所固有的加剧的压力和戒断症状可以通过修改特定的漏洞并与之交互的方式来进行评估。具体而言，该研究旨在评估一种新颖的正念干预（正念与感知觉接触的结合）是否可以改善现有的正念干预并将治疗收益扩展到在高压力或负面情感环境下评估的机械性靶点。总体目标是验证机械指标和相关干预措施，以扩大高危吸烟者的治疗选择。（PsycInfo数据库记录（c）2020 APA，保留所有权利）。