OBJECTIVE The skin-deep resilience pattern suggests that, for low-socioeconomic-status African American youths, the ability to maintain high self-control and to persist with efforts to succeed may act as a double-edged sword, facilitating academic success and adjustment while undermining physical health. We extend research by following a sample of rural African Americans, asking whether the skin-deep resilience pattern, evident during adolescence, persists into adulthood by increasing susceptibility to metabolic syndrome (MetS) and insulin resistance (IR). METHODS The sample included 368 11-year-old African Americans, their parents, and their teachers. Parents provided data on family poverty across ages 11-18 years. Teachers provided data on youths' planful self-control across ages 11-13 years. At age 27 years, participants completed questionnaires about educational attainment and psychological adjustment and provided a fasting blood sample from which MetS and IR were assessed. RESULTS Regardless of years spent living in poverty, planful self-control during childhood was associated with college graduation (p < .001) and with low levels of depressive symptoms (p = .016) and antisocial behavior (p = .028). For participants exhibiting high levels of self-control, however, living more years in poverty across adolescence was associated with a greater number of MetS components that met clinical cutoff criteria (p = .018) and greater IR (p = .016) during adulthood. CONCLUSIONS The skin-deep resilience pattern persists into adulthood, particularly among those who spent more of their adolescence living in poverty, and increases vulnerability to MetS and IR while it also promotes college graduation and positive psychological adjustment. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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非洲裔美国成年人持续具有深层的弹性。

目的皮肤深层的适应力模式表明，对于低社会经济地位的非洲裔美国年轻人而言，保持高度自我控制能力和坚持不懈地努力取得成功的能力可能会像一把双刃剑，促进学术上的成功和适应。损害身体健康。我们通过跟踪农村非裔美国人的样本来扩展研究范围，询问在青春期出现的深层皮肤弹性模式是否会通过增加对代谢综合征（MetS）和胰岛素抵抗（IR）的敏感性而持续到成年期。方法样本包括368名11岁的非洲裔美国人，他们的父母和他们的老师。父母提供了11-18岁之间家庭贫困的数据。教师提供了11到13岁之间青年有计划地自我控制的数据。在27岁时，参与者完成了有关教育程度和心理适应的问卷调查，并提供了空腹血液样本，用于评估MetS和IR。结果无论生活在贫困中的年数如何，童年时期有计划的自我控制都与大学毕业（p <.001），抑郁症状（p = .016）和反社会行为（p = .028）有关。然而，对于表现出较高自我控制能力的参与者，在青春期的贫困中生活更多年与成年期满足临床临界标准（p = .018）和更大IR（p = .016）的MetS成分数量有关。 。结论皮肤深层的适应力模式一直持续到成年期，尤其是在那些青春期花费较多的人中，并增加了对MetS和IR的脆弱性，同时还促进了大学毕业和积极的心理调节。（PsycInfo数据库记录（c）2020 APA，保留所有权利）。