Previous research has found that bilingual speakers' first (L1) and second languages (L2) are differentially associated with their emotional experiences. Moreover, bilinguals appear to code-switch (alternate between two or more languages in a single conversation) during emotional episodes. However, prior evidence has been limited to clinical case studies and self-report studies, leaving open the specificity of the link between code-switching (CS) and emotion and its underlying mechanisms. The present study examined the dynamic associations between CS and facial emotion behavior in a sample of 68 Chinese American parents and children during a dyadic emotion-inducing puzzle box task. Specifically, bilingual parents' language use (L1 Chinese or L2 English), CS behavior (L1→L2 or L2→L1 switches), and facial emotion behavior (positive and negative valence) were coded at each 5-s interval. Multilevel modeling was used to analyze whether facial emotion behavior predicted later CS and vice versa. We found that negative facial emotion predicted higher subsequent CS in both L1→L2 and L2→L1 directions, with stronger associations for the L2→L1 direction. On the other hand, positive facial emotion was associated with lower contemporaneous L2→L1 CS. CS did not predict later facial emotion behavior, suggesting language switching may not have an immediate effect on emotion. The present findings are consistent with the idea that emotional arousal, especially negative arousal, reduces cognitive control and may trigger spontaneous CS. Together, these findings provide insight into why bilingual speakers switch languages during emotional episodes and hold implications for clinical interventions serving bilingual individuals and families. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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为什么双语者情绪激动时会进行代码转换？移民亲子互动的见解。

先前的研究发现，双语者的第一语言（L1）和第二语言（L2）与他们的情感体验存在差异。此外，在情绪发作期间，双语者似乎会进行代码切换（在一次对话中在两种或多种语言之间交替）。但是，先前的证据仅限于临床案例研究和自我报告研究，这使得代码转换（CS）与情绪及其潜在机制之间的联系的特异性开放。本研究调查了在68位美国华裔父母和儿童进行二元情感诱导拼图盒子任务时，CS与面部情感行为之间的动态关联。具体来说，双语父母的语言使用（L1中文或L2英语），CS行为（L1→L2或L2→L1切换），每5秒钟间隔编码一次面部表情行为（正价和负价）。使用多层次建模来分析面部情绪行为是否预测了后来的CS，反之亦然。我们发现，负面的面部情绪预测了L1→L2和L2→L1方向上的后续CS较高，与L2→L1方向上的关联更强。另一方面，积极的面部情绪与较低的同期L2→L1 CS相关。CS没有预测以后的面部情绪行为，这表明语言切换可能不会立即对情绪产生影响。目前的发现与情绪唤起，尤其是负面唤起会降低认知控制并可能触发自发CS的观点是一致的。一起，这些发现为理解双语者为何在情绪发作期间切换语言以及对服务于双语个人和家庭的临床干预产生了影响。（PsycINFO数据库记录（c）2019 APA，保留所有权利）。