The Nightmare Effects Survey (NES) and the Nightmare Frequency Questionnaire (NFQ), 2 widely used questionnaires in nightmare research, were translated into German and tested in a sample of 86 adult chronic nightmare sufferers. Participants completed the questionnaires together with measures of nightmare- and sleep-related factors and psychopathology and kept a nightmare diary for 3 weeks. Psychometric properties were determined: The German NES showed high internal consistency (Cronbach’s &agr; = .898) and split-half reliability (r = .889) and a unifactorial structure (46.33% variance explained). The German NFQ and the prospective nightmare diary yielded similar frequencies for nights with nightmares, a significantly higher value for number of nightmares in the diary, and correlations of .621 and .570 between measures of nights with nightmares and number of nightmares, respectively. The 2 scores of the German NFQ were highly intercorrelated (r = .838). Correlations with related constructs were insignificant or low for the German NFQ (between r = .09 and r = .28) and medium for the German NES (between r = .27 and r = .59). The German NFQ and NES proved to be reliable, useful, and efficient to quantify nightmares and their effects. The findings demonstrate the questionnaires’ construct validity and support theories that differentiate between nightmare frequency, nightmare effects, and nightmare distress. German translations are provided as supplemental material.

中文翻译：

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梦魇效果调查 (NES) 和梦魇频率问卷 (NFQ) 的德语版本：成人慢性梦魇患者样本的心理测量特性。

噩梦效应调查 (NES) 和噩梦频率问卷 (NFQ) 是噩梦研究中广泛使用的 2 份问卷，它们被翻译成德语，并在 86 名成年慢性噩梦患者的样本中进行了测试。参与者完成了问卷以及对噩梦和睡眠相关因素以及精神病理学的测量，并记录了 3 周的噩梦日记。确定了心理测量特性：德国 NES 显示出高度的内部一致性（Cronbach's &agr; = .898）和分半可靠性（r = .889）和单因素结构（解释了 46.33% 的方差）。德国 NFQ 和预期的噩梦日记在有噩梦的夜晚产生了相似的频率，日记中噩梦数量的值显着更高，相关性为 0.621 和 0.621。有噩梦的夜晚和噩梦的数量之间分别为 570。德国 NFQ 的 2 个分数是高度相关的 (r = .838)。对于德国 NFQ（在 r = .09 和 r = .28 之间）和德国 NES（在 r = .27 和 r = .59 之间），与相关结构的相关性不显着或较低。德国 NFQ 和 NES 被证明是可靠、有用且有效的量化噩梦及其影响的方法。研究结果证明了问卷的结构效度和支持区分噩梦频率、噩梦效应和噩梦困扰的理论。德语翻译作为补充材料提供。对于德国 NFQ（在 r = .09 和 r = .28 之间）和德国 NES（在 r = .27 和 r = .59 之间），与相关结构的相关性不显着或较低。德国 NFQ 和 NES 被证明是可靠、有用且有效的量化噩梦及其影响的方法。研究结果证明了问卷的结构效度和支持区分噩梦频率、噩梦效应和噩梦困扰的理论。德语翻译作为补充材料提供。对于德国 NFQ（在 r = .09 和 r = .28 之间）和德国 NES（在 r = .27 和 r = .59 之间），与相关结构的相关性不显着或较低。德国 NFQ 和 NES 被证明是可靠、有用且有效的量化噩梦及其影响的方法。研究结果证明了问卷的结构效度和支持区分噩梦频率、噩梦效应和噩梦困扰的理论。德语翻译作为补充材料提供。噩梦效应和噩梦困扰。德语翻译作为补充材料提供。噩梦效应和噩梦困扰。德语翻译作为补充材料提供。