The experiences of U.S.-raised Asian students (URAS) and non–U.S.-raised Asian students (NRAS) in college are similar, yet different because of their differences in cultural upbringing. However, a majority of research has failed to differentiate the two by aggregating them together as one. The study aims to (a) compare URAS and NRAS on race-related constructs (i.e., perceived discrimination, foreigner objectification, and racial color blindness), acculturation, enculturation, and psychological outcomes (i.e., well-being, stress, and self-efficacy); and (b) further examine how the relationship between acculturation, enculturation, and psychological outcomes differ for these two groups. Participants included 145 URAS and 178 NRAS studying in U.S. colleges who completed an online survey. Results revealed that URAS and NRAS have different perceptions of their experiences in the United States. Specifically, compared with NRAS, URAS reported significantly higher scores on perceived discrimination and greater degrees of acculturation. In contrast to URAS, NRAS reported significantly higher scores on enculturation, racial color blindness, and well-being. In addition, moderation analyses suggested that acculturation and enculturation served as a resource for both URAS and NRAS in slightly different ways. Implications, future directions, and limitations are discussed.

中文翻译：

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文化适应、文化适应、感知歧视和幸福感：在美国长大的和非在美国长大的亚洲学生之间的比较。

在美国长大的亚洲学生 (URAS) 和非美国长大的亚洲学生 (NRAS) 在大学的经历相似，但由于文化教养的差异而有所不同。然而，大多数研究未能通过将它们聚合为一个来区分这两者。该研究旨在 (a) 比较 URAS 和 NRAS 与种族相关的结构（即感知歧视、外国人物化和种族色盲）、文化适应、文化适应和心理结果（即幸福感、压力和自我功效）; (b) 进一步检查这两个群体的文化适应、文化适应和心理结果之间的关系有何不同。参与者包括在美国大学学习的 145 名 URAS 和 178 名 NRAS，他们完成了在线调查。结果显示，URAS 和 NRAS 对他们在美国的经历有不同的看法。具体而言，与 NRAS 相比，URAS 在感知歧视和更大程度的文化适应方面报告了显着更高的分数。与 URAS 相比，NRAS 在文化适应、种族色盲和幸福感方面的得分明显更高。此外，适度分析表明，文化适应和文化融合以略有不同的方式作为 URAS 和 NRAS 的资源。讨论了影响、未来方向和局限性。种族色盲和幸福感。此外，适度分析表明，文化适应和文化融合以略有不同的方式作为 URAS 和 NRAS 的资源。讨论了影响、未来方向和局限性。种族色盲和幸福感。此外，适度分析表明，文化适应和文化融合以略有不同的方式作为 URAS 和 NRAS 的资源。讨论了影响、未来方向和局限性。