Studies of Asian American parenting have primarily focused on first-generation immigrant parents. Few studies have examined the experiences of second-generation Asian American adults who now have children of their own. The purpose of this qualitative study, then, is to better understand the values, practices, and concerns of second-generation Asian American parents regarding ethnic and racial socialization. The sample included 34 Asian American parents from seven different cities across the United States. Using interviews and a focus group, the results show that (a) place, specific contexts, and transitions were important to second-generation parents’ motivation behind ethnic and racial socialization, (b) parents are reactive and proactive, especially with regard to promoting an awareness of discrimination, in the racial socialization of their children, (c) parents engage in predominantly proactive ethnic socialization when passing on heritage culture, which they believe is important, but also difficult to do, (d) in contrast to ethnic socialization, passing on American culture and passing on important values (that they did not see as solely “American” or “Asian”) came easily, and (e) parents consider the intersection of race and culture with religion and disability when socializing their children. Our findings highlight unique aspects of how second-generation Asian American parents engage in ethnic and racial socialization in an increasingly socially diverse world.

中文翻译：

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第二代亚裔美国父母的反应性和主动性种族-种族社会化实践。

亚裔美国人育儿的研究主要集中在第一代移民父母身上。很少有研究调查现在有自己孩子的第二代亚裔美国成年人的经历。因此，这项定性研究的目的是更好地了解亚裔美国第二代父母对种族和种族社会化的价值观、做法和担忧。样本包括来自美国七个不同城市的 34 名亚裔美国父母。使用访谈和焦点小组，结果表明：(a) 地点、特定环境和转变对第二代父母在种族和种族社会化背后的动机很重要，(b) 父母是被动的和主动的，尤其是在促进歧视意识，在他们孩子的种族社会化中，(c) 父母在传承传统文化时主要从事积极主动的种族社会化，他们认为这很重要，但也很难做到，(d) 与种族社会化相反，传承美国文化和传递重要的价值观（他们认为不仅仅是“美国人”或“亚洲人”）很容易，并且 (e) 父母在与孩子交往时考虑种族和文化与宗教和残疾的交叉点。我们的研究结果突出了第二代亚裔美国父母如何在社会日益多元化的世界中参与种族和种族社会化的独特方面。(d) 与种族社会化相反，传递美国文化和传递重要价值观（他们认为不仅仅是“美国”或“亚洲”）来得容易，并且 (e) 父母考虑种族和文化的交叉点与孩子交往时的宗教信仰和残疾。我们的研究结果突出了第二代亚裔美国父母如何在社会日益多元化的世界中参与种族和种族社会化的独特方面。(d) 与种族社会化相反，传递美国文化和传递重要价值观（他们认为不仅仅是“美国”或“亚洲”）来得容易，并且 (e) 父母考虑种族和文化的交叉点与孩子交往时的宗教信仰和残疾。我们的研究结果突出了第二代亚裔美国父母如何在社会日益多元化的世界中参与种族和种族社会化的独特方面。